Materiał w PDF: Pobierz artykuły 100-102 z ćwiczeniami i odpowiedziami.
Ściąga: operator na drugim miejscu - question word + operator + podmiot + czasownik. Przy be operatorem jest samo be. Przy pytaniu o podmiot (Who called you?) nie ma do/does/did.
Najważniejsza idea
Najpierw znajdź operator (be, do/does/did, have/has, will, modal). Potem ustaw szyk. Jeżeli pytasz o podmiot, operator do/does/did nie występuje.
Pytania z be
- Are you tired?
- Where is Tom?
- Why were they late?
| Zdanie | Pytanie |
|---|---|
| She is ready. | Is she ready? |
| They were at home. | Were they at home? |
| Tom is working. | What is Tom doing? |
Do i does
- Do you like coffee?
- Where does Anna work?
- How often does Tom exercise?
Po does czasownik wraca do formy podstawowej: does she work, nie does she works.
Did
- Did you see Kate yesterday?
- When did the match start?
- Why did they leave early?
Po did używamy V1: did he go, nie did he went.
Czasy z gotowym operatorem
| Konstrukcja | Schemat | Przykład |
|---|---|---|
| Present Continuous | am/is/are + podmiot + -ing | Are they waiting outside? |
| Past Continuous | was/were + podmiot + -ing | What were you doing? |
| Present Perfect | have/has + podmiot + V3 | Have you ever been abroad? |
| Past Perfect | had + podmiot + V3 | Had she left before you arrived? |
| Future Simple | will + podmiot + V1 | When will you be ready? |
| Modal | modal + podmiot + V1 | Can you help me? |
WH-questions
| Wyrażenie | Funkcja | Przykład |
|---|---|---|
| who | kto | Who did you meet? |
| what | co, jaki | What do you need? |
| which | który z ograniczonego wyboru | Which bus goes to the centre? |
| where | gdzie | Where are you going? |
| when | kiedy | When did it happen? |
| why | dlaczego | Why are you laughing? |
| how | jak | How did you get there? |
| whose | czyj | Whose bag is this? |
| how long | jak długo | How long have you lived here? |
| how often | jak często | How often do you travel? |
| how far | jak daleko | How far is the station? |
| how much/many | ile | How much time do we have? |
What czy which?
What - otwarty wybór, which - ograniczony zestaw.
- What kind of music do you like?
- Which of these two photos do you prefer?
What ... like?
- What is your new teacher like? - Jaki jest twój nowy nauczyciel?
- What was the hotel like?
What does he like? znaczy zupełnie co innego: co lubi.
Pytanie o dopełnienie
Who did Tom invite? - who jest dopełnieniem, podmiotem jest Tom, więc potrzebujemy did.
Subject questions
- Who invited Tom?
- What happened?
- Who made you go there?
| Pytanie | O co pytamy | Budowa |
|---|---|---|
| Who called Anna? | podmiot | bez did |
| Who did Anna call? | dopełnienie | did + podmiot + V1 |
| What broke the window? | podmiot | bez did |
| What did Tom break? | dopełnienie | did + podmiot + V1 |
Przyimek na końcu
- Who is this cake for?
- What are you looking at?
- Who did you go with?
Taki szyk jest naturalny. Formalne For whom is this cake? nie jest na maturze konieczne.
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Negative questions
- Don't you like coffee?
- Isn't Anna coming with us?
- Haven't you finished yet?
Wyrażają zaskoczenie, oczekiwanie odpowiedzi albo prośbę o potwierdzenie.
Have to i used to
- Do you have to work tomorrow?
- Did you use to play football?
- Are you going to apply for the job?
- Would you like to join us?
Krótkie odpowiedzi
- Do you drive? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
- Have you finished? - Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
- Can Tom swim? - Yes, he can. / No, he can't.
Powtarzamy operator, nie cały czasownik.
Bezpośrednie vs pośrednie
| Bezpośrednie | Pośrednie |
|---|---|
| Where is Tom? | Do you know where Tom is? |
| When does the shop close? | Could you tell me when the shop closes? |
| Why did she leave? | I wonder why she left. |
W pytaniu pośrednim część po where/when/why ma szyk twierdzący.
Najczęstsze błędy
| NIE | TAK |
|---|---|
| Where she lives? | Where does she live? |
| Does Tom works here? | Does Tom work here? |
| Did you went there? | Did you go there? |
| Who did call you? | Who called you? |
| What means this word? | What does this word mean? |
| How long do you live here? | How long have you lived here? |
| Could you tell me where is the station? | Could you tell me where the station is? |
Ćwiczenia
Zadanie 1 - zbuduj pytanie
- you / like / this film
- where / Anna / work
- what / you / do / yesterday
- how long / she / live / here
- who / break / the window
- who / Tom / invite
- what / your new school / like
- who / this present / for
Odpowiedzi: Do you like this film? · Where does Anna work? · What did you do yesterday? · How long has she lived here? (od przeszłości do teraz) · Who broke the window? (podmiot) · Who did Tom invite? (dopełnienie) · What is your new school like? · Who is this present for?
Zadanie 2 - subject czy object question?
- Someone called Anna. Zapytaj o osobę.
- Anna called someone. Zapytaj o osobę.
- Something caused the problem.
- Tom bought something.
Odpowiedzi: Who called Anna? · Who did Anna call? · What caused the problem? · What did Tom buy?
Zadanie 3 - popraw błędy
- Where does she works?
- Did he saw the message?
- Who did open the door?
- What does your teacher like? (znaczenie: jaki jest)
- Could you tell me where is the station?
Odpowiedzi: Where does she work? · Did he see the message? · Who opened the door? · What is your teacher like? · Could you tell me where the station is?
Zadanie 4 - tłumaczenie
- Jak często chodzisz na siłownię?
- Kto powiedział ci o spotkaniu?
- Komu powiedziałeś o spotkaniu?
- Jaki był hotel?
- Z kim pojechałaś do Londynu?
- Czy naprawdę nie widziałeś tej wiadomości?
Odpowiedzi: How often do you go to the gym? · Who told you about the meeting? · Who did you tell about the meeting? · What was the hotel like? · Who did you go to London with? · Didn't you see that message?
Mini-test
- ___ you ever ___ to Ireland? (be)
- Who ___ you to the party? (invite)
- Who ___ you ___ to the party? (invite)
- What ___ your new boss ___?
- Popraw: Why you are laughing?
Odpowiedzi: Have you ever been to Ireland? · Who invited you to the party? · Who did you invite to the party? · What is your new boss like? · Why are you laughing?