Status w CKE
Strona bierna jest wymagana na poziomie podstawowym i rozszerzonym. Na podstawie trzeba znać najważniejsze czasy i modalne, a na rozszerzeniu także formy Continuous, Perfect, dwa dopełnienia, be made to, bezokolicznik i gerund passive oraz Modal Perfect Passive.
Najważniejsza idea
W stronie czynnej skupiamy się na wykonawcy. W stronie biernej ważniejsza jest osoba lub rzecz, która czynności podlega, sam rezultat albo wydarzenie.
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Someone stole my bike. | My bike was stolen. |
| They built the bridge in 2010. | The bridge was built in 2010. |
| They will announce the results. | The results will be announced. |
Podstawowy schemat
be w odpowiednim czasie + Past Participle (V3)
Czasownik be pokazuje czas i formę, a główny czasownik pozostaje w V3.
Aby zmienić Active na Passive:
- znajdź dopełnienie zdania czynnego;
- przenieś je na miejsce podmiotu;
- zachowaj czas i znaczenie czasowe;
- dobierz właściwą formę
be; - dodaj V3;
- wykonawcę z
bydodaj tylko wtedy, gdy jest ważny.
Passive w najważniejszych czasach
| Czas | Schemat | Przykład |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | am / is / are + V3 | English is spoken here. |
| Past Simple | was / were + V3 | The bridge was built in 2010. |
| Present Continuous | am / is / are being + V3 | The road is being repaired. |
| Past Continuous | was / were being + V3 | The room was being cleaned. |
| Present Perfect | have / has been + V3 | The parcel has been delivered. |
| Past Perfect | had been + V3 | The documents had been signed. |
| Future Simple | will be + V3 | The results will be announced. |
| Going to | am / is / are going to be + V3 | The rules are going to be changed. |
Modal Passive
Schemat: modal + be + V3.
- It must be finished today.
- The form can be completed online.
- The problem should be discussed.
- These files must not be deleted.
Modal Perfect i Future Perfect Passive
Na poziomie rozszerzonym:
- modal + have been + V3: The email may have been sent to the wrong address.
- will have been + V3: The project will have been completed by Friday.
Kiedy używamy Passive
- nie wiemy, kto wykonał czynność: My bike was stolen;
- wykonawca jest nieważny lub oczywisty: The suspect was arrested;
- ważniejszy jest rezultat: The road has been repaired;
- używamy stylu formalnego lub informacyjnego: The data were collected in May;
- opisujemy proces lub procedurę: The application is checked before a decision is made.
By i with
By wprowadza wykonawcę, a with narzędzie lub materiał.
| By | With |
|---|---|
| The novel was written by Orwell. | The wall was painted with a brush. |
| The window was broken by a boy. | The window was broken with a stone. |
Nie dodawaj niepotrzebnego by someone. Naturalniej: My wallet was stolen.
Czasowniki z dwoma dopełnieniami
Przy give, send, offer, show, tell często możliwe są dwie strony bierne.
Active: They gave me a prize.
- I was given a prize.
- A prize was given to me.
Pierwsza wersja jest zazwyczaj bardziej naturalna.
Make w stronie biernej
W Active mamy make + osoba + czasownik bez to, ale w Passive pojawia się to.
- Active: They made me give a speech.
- Passive: I was made to give a speech.
Infinitive i gerund passive
- I want to be informed.
- This needs to be checked.
- She likes being admired.
- He hates being told what to do.
Reporting Passive
Konstrukcje It is said that... i He is believed to... są zaawansowaną odmianą Passive.
- People believe that he stole the painting.
- It is believed that he stole the painting.
- He is believed to have stolen the painting.
Najczęstsze błędy
Nie: The car repaired yesterday.
Tak: The car was repaired yesterday.
Nie: The letter was send.
Tak: The letter was sent.
Nie: The project has finished w znaczeniu, że ktoś go skończył.
Tak: The project has been finished / completed.
Nie: The road is repairing.
Tak: The road is being repaired.
Nie: The results will announced.
Tak: The results will be announced.
Nie: I was made give a speech.
Tak: I was made to give a speech.
Typowe tłumaczenia
- Ten produkt jest wytwarzany w Polsce. -> This product is made in Poland.
- Most został zbudowany w 2010 roku. -> The bridge was built in 2010.
- Paczka została już dostarczona. -> The parcel has already been delivered.
- Wyniki zostaną ogłoszone jutro. -> The results will be announced tomorrow.
- To musi zostać zrobione dzisiaj. -> It must be done today.
- Droga jest teraz naprawiana. -> The road is being repaired now.
Zadania - poziom podstawowy
Zadanie 1 - utwórz Passive
- They produce these cars in Germany.
- Someone stole my bike yesterday.
- They have already sent the invitations.
- They will announce the results tomorrow.
- You must finish the report today.
- They are repairing the road now.
Zadanie 2 - dobierz formę
- The room _____ (clean) every day.
- The bridge _____ (build) in 1998.
- The documents _____ already _____ (sign).
- The new hospital _____ (open) next month.
- At the moment, the students _____ (interview).
- By the time we arrived, everything _____ already _____ (prepare).
Zadania - poziom rozszerzony
Zadanie 3 - dwa dopełnienia i make
- They gave me a certificate. Zacznij od I.
- They offered Kate a job. Zacznij od Kate.
- They made him apologise. Zacznij od He.
Zadanie 4 - transformacje
- People speak English in many countries. Użyj SPOKEN.
- Someone has stolen my wallet. Użyj BEEN.
- They will announce the winner tonight. Użyj ANNOUNCED.
- They made me wait for two hours. Użyj MADE.
- Someone may have sent the email to the wrong address. Użyj BEEN.
Odpowiedzi
Zadanie 1: 1. These cars are produced in Germany. 2. My bike was stolen yesterday. 3. The invitations have already been sent. 4. The results will be announced tomorrow. 5. The report must be finished today. 6. The road is being repaired now.
Zadanie 2: 1. is cleaned, 2. was built, 3. have already been signed, 4. will be opened, 5. are being interviewed, 6. had already been prepared.
Zadanie 3: 1. I was given a certificate. 2. Kate was offered a job. 3. He was made to apologise.
Zadanie 4: 1. English is spoken in many countries. 2. My wallet has been stolen. 3. The winner will be announced tonight. 4. I was made to wait for two hours. 5. The email may have been sent to the wrong address.
Szybka ściąga
W każdym Passive szukaj formy be i V3. Najpierw ustal czas zdania, potem odmień be. Na podstawie opanuj Present Simple, Past Simple, Present Perfect, Future Simple i modalne. Na rozszerzeniu dodaj Continuous, Past Perfect, Modal Perfect, dwa dopełnienia, be made to oraz being + V3.

