Przyimki po angielsku - in/on/at i dependent prepositions

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Przyimków nie da się opanować wyłącznie przez tłumaczenie z polskiego. Część działa systemowo, ale dependent prepositions ucz się jako całych połączeń.

In, on i at - czas

Przyimek	Użycie	Przykłady
at	godzina, punkt czasu	at 7 p.m., at noon, at night
on	dzień, data, konkretny dzień	on Monday, on 5 May
in	miesiąc, rok, pora, dłuższy okres	in July, in 2026, in winter

Porównaj in the morning, ale on Monday morning. Bez przyimka: last week, next year, this morning, every day, yesterday, tomorrow.

By i until

By oznacza najpóźniejszy termin, a until/till - trwanie czynności do momentu:

Send it by Friday.
I will have finished by six.
I will work until Friday.
I will stay here until six.

During, for i while

Forma	Po czym?	Przykład
during	rzeczownik	during the lesson
for	okres czasu	for two hours
while	zdanie	while I was studying

I fell asleep during the film.
I slept for two hours.
I fell asleep while I was watching the film.

Since i for

Since wskazuje punkt początkowy, a for długość okresu:

I have lived here since 2020.
I have lived here for six years.

On time i in time

The train arrived on time. = punktualnie.
We got to the station in time to catch the train. = wystarczająco wcześnie.

Podobnie: at the end of oznacza koniec konkretnej rzeczy lub okresu, a in the end - ostatecznie.

In, on i at - miejsce

Przyimek	Perspektywa	Przykłady
at	punkt lub miejsce jako funkcja	at the station, at school, at work
in	wnętrze lub obszar	in the room, in London, in Poland
on	powierzchnia, linia, część systemu	on the table, on the coast, on the first floor

Transport i ruch

by bus/train/plane/car - sposób transportu,
on the bus/train/plane - w pojeździe publicznym,
in the car/taxi,
on foot, nie by foot.

Ruch: go to school, walk into the room, jump onto the table, come from work, run out of the building, fall off the bike. Into/onto podkreślają ruch do wnętrza lub na powierzchnię; in/on opisują pozycję.

Across, through, along i past

walk across the street - z jednej strony na drugą,
drive through the tunnel - przez wnętrze,
walk along the river - wzdłuż,
go past the bank - obok, mijając,
walk towards the station - w kierunku.

By i with

By wskazuje sposób lub wykonawcę w stronie biernej, a with narzędzie:

by bus, by email, by phone,
write with a pen,
The window was broken by a boy with a stone.

Because of i due to

Oba łączą się z rzeczownikiem lub grupą rzeczownikową:

The match was cancelled because of the rain.
The delay was due to technical problems.

Because łączy się ze zdaniem: because it was raining.

Przyimki po przymiotnikach

Połączenie	Przykład
afraid of	She is afraid of flying.
interested in	I am interested in technology.
good/bad at	He is good at maths.
famous for	The city is famous for its architecture.
responsible for	Who is responsible for this project?
proud of	I am proud of my result.
satisfied with	We are satisfied with the service.
similar to / different from	This model is similar to the previous one.
capable of	She is capable of doing it herself.
compatible with	The software is compatible with this device.

Przyimki po czasownikach

Połączenie	Przykład
depend on	It depends on the weather.
listen to	Listen to me.
wait for	We are waiting for the bus.
belong to	This bag belongs to Anna.
apologise for	He apologised for being late.
apply for / apply to	apply for a job / apply to university
insist on	She insisted on paying.
succeed in	He succeeded in solving the problem.
prevent sb from	The rain prevented us from leaving.
accuse sb of	They accused him of cheating.
congratulate sb on	I congratulated her on passing.
provide sb with	The hotel provided us with towels.
suffer from / deal with / refer to	He suffers from allergies.

Przyimki po rzeczownikach

reason for, solution to, increase/decrease in, advantage/disadvantage of, interest in, relationship with/between, demand for, need for, effect on, access to, attitude to/towards, objection to, difference between.

What is the reason for the delay?
We need a solution to this problem.
Social media can have an effect on sleep.

Przyimek i forma -ing

Po przyimku używamy rzeczownika lub -ing. Dotyczy to także to, gdy jest przyimkiem:

Thank you for helping me.
She left without saying goodbye.
I am looking forward to seeing you.
He objected to paying extra.

Czasowniki bez przyimka

Nie kopiuj polskiej konstrukcji:

discuss the problem, nie discuss about,
enter the room, nie enter to,
reach the station, nie reach to,
contact the company, nie contact with,
marry somebody / be married to somebody,
answer the question jako czasownik.

Przyimek może naturalnie stać na końcu pytania lub relative clause: Who are you talking to? This is the company I work for.

Najczęstsze błędy

Błąd	Poprawnie
in Monday	on Monday
at July	in July
on 7 p.m.	at 7 p.m.
during two hours	for two hours
during I was working	while I was working
by foot	on foot
arrive to London	arrive in London
depend from	depend on
interested on	interested in
solution for this problem	solution to this problem

Ćwiczenia

1. In, on czy at?

We have a meeting ___ Monday morning.
The lesson starts ___ 8.15.
I was born ___ 2008.
She studies ___ the evening.
We met ___ the station.
The keys are ___ the table.
They live ___ Kraków.

Odpowiedzi: on, at, in, in, at, on, in.

2. By, until, during, for czy while?

Send the form ___ Friday.
I will stay here ___ six.
We talked ___ two hours.
I fell asleep ___ the film.
I listened to music ___ I was working.

Odpowiedzi: by, until, for, during, while.

3. Dependent prepositions: She is good ___ solving problems. It depends ___ the weather. He apologised ___ being late. We need a solution ___ the problem. They accused him ___ cheating.

Odpowiedzi: at, on, for, to, of.

Mini-test i szybka ściąga

___ Friday morning.
I waited ___ two hours.
We arrived ___ the airport at six.
She is good ___ maths.
This bag belongs ___ me.

Odpowiedzi: 1. on; 2. for; 3. at; 4. at; 5. to.

Ściąga: at = punkt/godzina; on = dzień/powierzchnia; in = okres/obszar. By = deadline, until = aż do. During + noun, for + okres, while + zdanie. Ucz się całych połączeń: interested in, depend on, reason for, solution to.