Sport - słownictwo maturalne, kolokacje i zadania

Zakres CKE i sposób nauki

Temat Sport obejmuje dyscypliny, sprzęt i obiekty sportowe, zawody, trening oraz skutki aktywności fizycznej. Na rozszerzeniu potrzebne jest też słownictwo dotyczące problemów współczesnego sportu.

Ucz się połączeń czasowników z dyscyplinami: play football, go swimming, do yoga.

Dyscypliny sportu

Sporty zespołowe: football / soccer, basketball, volleyball, handball, hockey, rugby.

Sporty indywidualne: tennis, table tennis, badminton, athletics, running, swimming, cycling, gymnastics, boxing, martial arts, weightlifting.

Sporty zimowe i wodne: skiing, snowboarding, ice skating, surfing, sailing, canoeing, rowing, diving.

Aktywności na świeżym powietrzu: climbing, hiking, horse riding, skateboarding.

Play, go czy do

• play + gry i sporty zespołowe: play football / tennis / basketball,

• go + aktywności na -ing: go swimming / running / skiing,

• do + pozostałe dyscypliny: do yoga / karate / gymnastics.

• I play volleyball twice a week.

• We usually go cycling at weekends.

Sprzęt i obiekty sportowe

Sprzęt: ball, racket, bat, helmet, gloves, goggles, skis, ski poles, snowboard, bicycle, swimming cap, swimsuit, trainers, sportswear, protective equipment.

Kolokacje: wear a helmet, use protective equipment, put on your sports gear.

Obiekty: stadium, sports hall, gym, swimming pool, football pitch, tennis court, running track, ice rink, ski slope, golf course, sports centre, changing room.

Pitch to boisko np. do piłki nożnej, court to kort lub boisko np. do tenisa, a track to bieżnia.

Ludzie w sporcie

• athlete / player / team,
• coach / trainer,
• referee / umpire,
• opponent / spectator,
• fan / supporter,
• champion.

Kolokacje: coach a team, support a team, compete against somebody, beat an opponent, represent your country.

Trening i forma

• training / workout / exercise / warm-up,
• fitness / strength / endurance / stamina,
• speed / flexibility.

Kolokacje:

• train regularly,
• work out,
• keep fit / get fit / get in shape,
• warm up before exercise,
• build strength,
• improve endurance,
• set a personal best,
• follow a training plan.

Zawody i wyniki

• competition / tournament / championship,
• match / game / race / final / semi-final,
• score / result / record,
• medal / trophy / prize.

Czasowniki: win a match, lose / draw a match, beat another team, score a goal, break / set a record, win a medal, qualify for the final, take the lead.

Pamiętaj: win + mecz, zawody lub nagroda, ale beat + przeciwnik.

Imprezy sportowe

• sporting event / Olympic Games / World Cup,
• championship / tournament / marathon,
• opening / closing ceremony,
• venue / crowd.

Kolokacje: host a sporting event, take part in a competition, watch a match live, cheer for a team, attract thousands of spectators.

Korzyści z aktywności

• physical / mental health,
• fitness / well-being,
• self-confidence / teamwork,
• discipline / motivation.

Kolokacje: improve physical fitness, reduce stress, boost your mood, build self-confidence, develop teamwork skills, improve concentration, lead an active lifestyle.

Kontuzje i regeneracja

• injury / sports injury,
• sprain / fracture / muscle strain,
• pain / overtraining / exhaustion / pressure.

Kolokacje: get injured, suffer an injury, recover from an injury, put too much pressure on your body, train too hard, take time to recover.

Sport amatorski i zawodowy

• amateur / professional sport,
• professional / elite athlete,
• sports career / sponsorship / sponsor / sports club.

Kolokacje: turn professional, pursue a sports career, sign a contract, be sponsored by a company, retire from professional sport.

Problemy współczesnego sportu

• doping / performance-enhancing drugs / drug testing,
• cheating / match-fixing / corruption,
• violence / hooliganism,
• discrimination / racism / gender inequality,
• commercialisation / pressure to win.

Kolokacje: use banned substances, fail a drug test, be banned from competition, fix a match, tackle racism in sport, promote fair play, put athletes under enormous pressure, damage the reputation of sport.

Fair play i kibice

• fair play / sportsmanship / respect,
• rule / penalty / foul,
• supporter / hooligan.

Kolokacje: follow / break the rules, show respect for your opponent, behave responsibly, encourage fair play.

Vocabulary upgrade

• competitive / high-performance / spectator sport,
• physical endurance / peak performance,
• competitive advantage / sporting achievement / sportsmanship.

Kolokacje: reach peak performance, cope with pressure, maintain motivation, push yourself to the limit, gain a competitive advantage.

Phrasal verbs i słowotwórstwo

Phrasal verbs: work out, warm up, cool down, take up, give up, drop out, knock out, fall behind, catch up.

Słowotwórstwo:

• compete -> competition -> competitor -> competitive,
• win -> winner -> winning,
• train -> trainer -> training,
• fit -> fitness -> unfit,
• strong -> strength -> strengthen,
• perform -> performance,
• achieve -> achievement,
• motivate -> motivation -> motivated,
• sponsor -> sponsorship,
• discriminate -> discrimination.

Typowe błędy

Nie: I make sport every day.
Tak: I do sport / exercise every day.

Nie: I go on swimming twice a week.
Tak: I go swimming twice a week.

Nie: We won the other team.
Tak: We beat the other team.

Nie: We beat the match.
Tak: We won the match.

Nie: I train football.
Tak: I play / practise football.

Nie: I practise on the gym.
Tak: I work out at the gym.

Ćwiczenia

Zadanie 1 - uzupełnij jednym wyrazem

1. Our team _____ the final 3-1.
2. Before running, you should always warm _____ properly.
3. She has been working _____ at the gym for six months.
4. The athlete broke the national _____ in the 100 metres.
5. Thousands of spectators came to _____ for their team.
6. He pulled out of the tournament because of an _____.

Zadanie 2 - słowotwórstwo

1. The race attracted professional _____ from many countries. (COMPETE)
2. Winning was his greatest sporting _____. (ACHIEVE)
3. Regular exercise improves physical _____. (FIT)
4. The team gave an excellent _____ in the second half. (PERFORM)
5. The organisation works to prevent racial _____ in sport. (DISCRIMINATE)

Zadanie 3 - przetłumacz fragment

1. Our team (zakwalifikowała się do finału) yesterday.
2. Regular exercise can (poprawić kondycję fizyczną).
3. He (doznał poważnej kontuzji) during the match.
4. The athlete was banned because he (stosował zakazane substancje).
5. I decided to (zacząć uprawiać pływanie) to reduce stress.

Odpowiedzi

Zadanie 1: 1. won, 2. up, 3. out, 4. record, 5. cheer, 6. injury.

Zadanie 2: 1. competitors, 2. achievement, 3. fitness, 4. performance, 5. discrimination.

Zadanie 3: 1. qualified for the final, 2. improve physical fitness, 3. suffered a serious injury / got seriously injured, 4. used banned substances, 5. take up swimming.

Zapamiętaj przed maturą

Ucz się połączeń: play football, go swimming, do yoga, win a match, beat an opponent, score a goal, break a record, suffer an injury, recover from an injury, keep fit, work out.