Pakiet 97-99: Pobierz pełny PDF z ćwiczeniami i odpowiedziami.
CKE wymienia czasowniki złożone na obu poziomach, m.in. look for, turn down, come up with, a na rozszerzeniu figure out i look down on. To nie tylko słownictwo: liczy się też budowa, szyk i zachowanie dopełnienia.
Co tworzy phrasal verb?
Czasownik + particle lub przyimek, a całość ma własne znaczenie:
give up- zrezygnowaćfind out- dowiedzieć sięput off- przełożyćcome across- natknąć sięcome up with- wymyślić
Znaczenia zwykle nie da się wyliczyć z osobnych części, dlatego uczymy się całych jednostek.
Literalne i idiomatyczne
| Typ | Przykład | Znaczenie |
|---|---|---|
| dosłowne | sit down | usiąść |
| dosłowne | go out | wyjść |
| idiomatyczne | give up | zrezygnować |
| idiomatyczne | figure out | zrozumieć, rozgryźć |
| idiomatyczne | look down on | patrzeć z góry na |
Bez dopełnienia
- The car broke down.
- I grew up in a small town.
- The plane took off on time.
Separable
Przy rzeczowniku obie pozycje są często możliwe:
- Turn down the radio. / Turn the radio down.
- Pick up the parcel. / Pick the parcel up.
Pozycja zaimka
Przy czasowniku rozdzielnym zaimek MUSI stać w środku:
- Turn it down. (nie: turn down it)
- Pick it up.
- Put it off.
- Write it down.
Inseparable
- I am looking for my keys. -> I am looking for them.
- She looks after her brother. -> She looks after him.
- We came across an interesting article.
- He got over the illness quickly.
Nie: looking them for, looks him after.
Three-word verbs
come up with an idea, put up with the noise, get away with cheating, look down on other people, run out of money. Są nierozdzielne: She came up with it.
Czasy gramatyczne
Odmieniamy główny czasownik, nie particle:
give up -> gave up -> has given upfind out -> found out -> will find outcome up with -> came up with -> has come up withtake off -> took off -> has taken off
Strona bierna
- They put off the meeting. -> The meeting was put off.
- Someone is looking after the children. -> The children are being looked after.
- They have called off the match. -> The match has been called off.
W passive particle zostaje przy czasowniku.
Pytania z particle
- What are you looking for?
- Who are you waiting for?
- What did she come up with?
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Look
| Czasownik | Znaczenie |
|---|---|
| look for | szukać |
| look after | opiekować się |
| look at | patrzeć na |
| look up | sprawdzić informację |
| look up to | podziwiać |
| look down on | patrzeć z góry na |
| look forward to | nie móc się doczekać |
W look forward to słowo to jest przyimkiem: I look forward to seeing you.
Turn
turn on (włączyć), turn off (wyłączyć), turn up (podgłośnić, pojawić się), turn down (ściszyć, odrzucić) - wszystkie z zaimkiem w środku: turn it off.
Get
get up (wstać), get on with (dogadywać się), get over (dojść do siebie), get away with (ujść bezkarnie), get rid of (pozbyć się).
Take
take off (wystartować, zdjąć), take up (zacząć hobby, zajmować czas), take over (przejąć), take after (być podobnym do kogoś).
Put
put off (przełożyć), put on (założyć, włączyć), put away (odłożyć), put up with (tolerować).
Come, run, carry
come across (natknąć się), come up with (wymyślić), run out of (skończyć zapas), carry on (kontynuować), carry out (przeprowadzić).
Lista maturalna
| Phrasal verb | Znaczenie | Przykład |
|---|---|---|
| give up | zrezygnować | She gave up smoking. |
| find out | dowiedzieć się | I found out the truth. |
| figure out | rozgryźć | I finally figured out the answer. |
| set up | założyć | They set up a small company. |
| call off | odwołać | They called off the match. |
| put off | przełożyć | We put off the meeting. |
| pick up | odebrać | I will pick you up at six. |
| bring up | poruszyć temat | She brought up an important issue. |
| work out | rozwiązać | We worked out a solution. |
| deal with | radzić sobie | I can deal with the problem. |
| look after | opiekować się | She looks after her brother. |
| run out of | skończyć zapas | We ran out of milk. |
Transformacje
cancel -> call off, postpone -> put off, discover -> find out, invent -> come up with, continue -> carry on, tolerate -> put up with, recover from -> get over.
Najczęstsze błędy
| Błąd | Poprawnie |
|---|---|
| turn off it | turn it off |
| look them after | look after them |
| came it up with | came up with it |
| The match was called. | The match was called off. |
| I look forward to see you. | I look forward to seeing you. |
| He gived up. | He gave up. |
Ćwiczenia i mini-testy
Przepisz z zaimkiem:
- Turn down the music. (IT)
- I am looking for my keys. (THEM)
- She picked up the parcel. (IT)
- He looks after his grandfather. (HIM)
- We came up with a solution. (IT)
Odpowiedzi: Turn it down; looking for them; picked it up; looks after him; came up with it.
Uzupełnij: The meeting was ___ off. We have ___ out of milk. I cannot ___ out how this works. She ___ up with an idea. He finally ___ over the illness. Please ___ on with your work.
Odpowiedzi: put; run; figure; came; got; carry.
Transformacje: They cancelled the match (CALLED); We postponed the meeting (PUT); I discovered the shop had closed (FOUND); She invented a clever solution (CAME); I cannot tolerate this noise (PUT); Continue working until five (CARRY).
Odpowiedzi: called off the match; put off the meeting; found out that; came up with; put up with; Carry on working.
Passive: They called off the concert -> The concert ___. Someone is looking after the children -> The children ___. They have put off the decision -> The decision ___. People often look down on him -> He ___.
Odpowiedzi: was called off; are being looked after; has been put off; is often looked down on.
Mini-test rozszerzenie: She tolerated the situation for years (PUT); He thought of a new solution (CAME); passive: They have called off the event; popraw: She looks her younger brother after; I look forward to ___ (hear) from you.
Odpowiedzi: put up with; came up with; The event has been called off; looks after her younger brother; hearing.
Ściąga: rzeczownik może stać przed lub po particle, ale zaimek przy czasowniku rozdzielnym musi być w środku (turn it off). Nierozdzielne: look after him, come up with it. Odmieniamy tylko główny czasownik.