Present Continuous często poznajemy jako czas „do czynności wykonywanych teraz”. To prawda, ale tylko częściowa.
I'm talking to you right now.
I'm reading a really interesting book at the moment.
We're staying with my aunt this week.
The weather is getting warmer.
I'm meeting Kate tomorrow.
You're always losing your keys!
Wszystkie zdania są w Present Continuous, ale każde pokazuje inną sytuację. Na maturze nie wystarczy więc reguła now = Present Continuous. Trzeba rozumieć, jak mówiący postrzega sytuację.
Co wyraża Present Continuous?
Present Continuous przedstawia sytuację jako trwającą, tymczasową lub będącą w toku.
Często zaczęła się, jeszcze się nie zakończyła i trwa w danym okresie. Nie zawsze odbywa się dokładnie w sekundzie, w której mówimy.
Budowa Present Continuous
Schemat:
subject + am/is/are + verb-ing
Potrzebujemy dwóch elementów: właściwej formy be i czasownika z -ing.
| Osoba | be | Przykład |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am studying. |
| you | are | You are studying. |
| he / she / it | is | She is studying. / It is raining. |
| we / they | are | We are studying. / They are studying. |
Skróty: I'm, you're, he's, she's, we're, they're.
Nie pomijaj be:
❌ She studying.
✅ She is studying.
Przeczenia
subject + am/is/are + not + verb-ing
I'm not working.
He isn't sleeping.
We aren't waiting.
Możliwe są też pełne formy is not i are not.
Pytania
Zmieniamy kolejność:
Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing?
Are you working?
Is she sleeping?
Are they waiting?
Pytania z WH-:
What are you doing?
Where is Tom going?
Why are they laughing?
Who are you talking to?
❌ What you are doing?
✅ What are you doing?
Nie używamy do/does, bo czasownikiem pomocniczym jest już am/is/are:
❌ Does she working?
✅ Is she working?
Jak tworzymy formę -ing?
Najczęściej: verb + ing
- work → working,
- read → reading,
- talk → talking,
- play → playing.
Końcowe -e znika
- make → making,
- write → writing,
- take → taking,
- come → coming,
- have → having.
❌ makeing
✅ making
Końcowe -ee zostaje
- see → seeing,
- agree → agreeing.
Podwajanie spółgłoski
W wielu krótkich czasownikach zakończonych układem consonant + vowel + consonant:
- run → running,
- sit → sitting,
- swim → swimming,
- stop → stopping,
- get → getting.
Nie podwajamy automatycznie w formach opening, visiting, listening. W dłuższych słowach znaczenie ma też akcent; na maturze utrwal przede wszystkim najczęstsze formy.
-ie zmienia się na -ying
- lie → lying,
- die → dying,
- tie → tying.
❌ lieing
✅ lying
Kiedy używamy Present Continuous?
1. Czynność dzieje się teraz
I'm doing my homework now.
Kate is talking on the phone.
Look! It's snowing.
What are you doing?
Typowe określenia: now, right now, at the moment, currently, at present. Nie potrzebujesz jednak słowa now, jeśli kontekst wystarcza:
Be quiet. The baby is sleeping.
2. Czynność trwa „wokół teraz”
I'm reading a really good book at the moment.
Książka może leżeć na stole w chwili wypowiedzi. Znaczenie jest takie: zacząłem ją czytać i jeszcze nie skończyłem.
I'm learning Spanish.
She's looking for a new job.
We're working on a new project.
I'm watching a great series.
To aktywność będąca w toku w obecnym okresie.
3. Sytuacje tymczasowe
Present Continuous często podkreśla: to nie jest moja normalna sytuacja.
I'm staying with my aunt this week.
We're living in a rented flat while our house is being renovated.
Tom is working in London for a few months.
She's using her brother's car this week.
Porównaj:
I live in Kraków. - normalne miejsce zamieszkania
I'm living in Kraków for a few months. - pobyt tymczasowy
She works in a bank. - jej praca
She's working at our Warsaw office this month. - tymczasowa sytuacja
4. Obecny, ograniczony okres
I'm working hard today.
She's taking the bus this week.
We're studying environmental issues this month.
I'm spending more time outdoors this summer.
Czynność nie musi trwać bez przerwy. Jest charakterystyczna dla bieżącego okresu.
5. Zmiany i rozwijające się sytuacje
Typowe czasowniki: get, become, change, grow, increase, rise, fall, improve.
The weather is getting warmer.
Your English is improving.
Prices are rising.
The number of tourists is increasing.
My daughter is becoming more independent.
Takie konstrukcje są przydatne w writingu:
More and more teenagers are using AI tools.
More people are choosing public transport.
The problem is becoming increasingly serious.
Przyszłe ustalenia
Present Continuous może opisywać przyszłość:
I'm meeting Kate tomorrow.
We're flying to Italy on Friday.
My parents are leaving on holiday tomorrow.
I'm seeing the dentist at ten.
Zwykle sugeruje konkretne, w pewnym stopniu uzgodnione lub zorganizowane ustalenie.
Present Continuous a going to
I'm going to visit Paris this summer. - intencja lub plan
I'm flying to Paris on 12 July. - konkretne ustalenie
Granica nie zawsze jest absolutna, ale takie rozróżnienie jest użyteczne.
Present Continuous a Present Simple w przyszłości
I'm meeting Anna at 7. - osobiste ustalenie
The train leaves at 7. - rozkład lub harmonogram
Always + Present Continuous
Porównaj:
Tom always leaves clothes on the floor. - neutralny zwyczaj
Tom is always leaving clothes on the floor! - irytacja lub krytyka
You're always losing your phone!
She's always complaining.
He's always interrupting me.
Nie oznacza to, że always automatycznie wybiera Continuous. Forma Continuous dodaje ocenę mówiącego.
While + Present Continuous w przyszłości
While you're getting ready, I'll look for an umbrella.
While you're cooking, I'll set the table.
Po while nie musimy używać will. Continuous pokazuje czynność będącą wtedy w toku.
Opis zdjęcia
Na maturze ustnej Present Continuous jest podstawowym czasem do opisywania widocznych czynności:
The woman is talking on the phone.
Two children are playing in the garden.
A man is taking a photo.
They are sitting around a table.
Zdjęcie rodziny jedzącej obiad:
❌ The family eats dinner. - brzmi jak zwyczaj
✅ The family is eating dinner. - widoczna czynność
Nie wszystko na zdjęciu musi być jednak w Continuous:
The woman is wearing a blue jacket.
She looks happy.
The room seems bright.
There are several people in the background.
Dobry opis miesza konstrukcje zależnie od znaczenia.
Stative verbs
Czasowniki opisujące wiedzę, opinię, uczucia, posiadanie, relacje i stany zwykle występują w Present Simple.
Wiedza i myślenie: know, understand, believe, remember, mean, realise, suppose.
Emocje i preferencje: like, love, hate, prefer, want, need.
Relacje i posiadanie: belong, own, contain, consist.
Inne: seem, fit.
❌ I'm knowing the answer.
✅ I know the answer.
❌ She's wanting a computer.
✅ She wants a computer.
❌ This house is belonging to my grandparents.
✅ This house belongs to my grandparents.
Reguła brzmi jednak „zwykle”, a nie „nigdy”. Część czasowników może wejść w Continuous po zmianie znaczenia.
Czasowniki zmieniające znaczenie
Think
I think this is a good idea. - uważam
I'm thinking about studying abroad. - rozważam
Have
I have two sisters. - posiadam
I'm having lunch. - wykonuję czynność
We're having a great time. - doświadczamy
See
I see what you mean. - rozumiem
I'm seeing my dentist tomorrow. - spotykam się
Taste
The soup tastes delicious. - ma określony smak
The chef is tasting the soup. - aktywnie próbuje
Smell
The flowers smell lovely. - mają zapach
She's smelling the perfume. - wykonuje czynność
Look
You look tired. / You're looking tired. - obie formy mogą opisywać aktualny wygląd
She's looking at me. - patrzy
Feel
I feel better now. / I'm feeling better now. - obie formy mogą być poprawne
I usually feel tired in the morning. - regularny stan
Reguła „feel nigdy nie występuje w Continuous” jest zbyt uproszczona.
Be i being
Be może wejść w Continuous, gdy opisujemy tymczasowe zachowanie:
He is selfish. - ogólna cecha
He is being selfish. - aktualne zachowanie
You're being rude.
Tom is being very helpful today.
Nie każde be działa w Continuous:
❌ It is being hot today. → ✅ It is hot today.
❌ She is being tired. → ✅ She is tired.
Present Simple vs Present Continuous
| Present Simple | Present Continuous |
|---|---|
| zwyczaj | czynność teraz |
| stała lub normalna sytuacja | sytuacja tymczasowa |
| fakt | proces w toku |
| stan | aktywna czynność |
| rozkład | osobiste ustalenie |
| neutralne always | always + irytacja |
| I think = uważam | I'm thinking = rozważam |
| I have a car | I'm having lunch |
Nie pytaj tylko „czy dzieje się teraz?”.
I'm learning Italian.
Możesz właśnie oglądać telewizję, ale nauka jest procesem trwającym obecnie.
I live in Poland.
To także prawda „teraz”, lecz jest normalną sytuacją, więc wybieramy Present Simple.
Określenia now, currently, today, this week, these days, tonight, tomorrow są podpowiedzią, nie automatyczną regułą. Porównaj:
I work every day this week. - możliwy harmonogram
I'm working every day this week. - tymczasowy układ
Poziom podstawowy i rozszerzony
Matura podstawowa
Opanuj:
- am/is/are + -ing,
- przeczenia i pytania,
- czynność teraz i w obecnym okresie,
- sytuacje tymczasowe,
- zmiany i trendy,
- przyszłe ustalenia,
- opis zdjęcia,
- różnicę Simple vs Continuous.
Matura rozszerzona
Dodatkowo:
- stative verbs,
- zmianę znaczenia think, have, see, taste, smell, look, feel,
- be being,
- always + Continuous,
- future arrangements,
- temporary vs permanent,
- trendy i zmiany,
- while + Continuous w przyszłości.
Najczęstsze błędy
- ❌ She studying now. → ✅ She is studying now.
- ❌ I am work. → ✅ I am working.
- ❌ Does she working? → ✅ Is she working?
- ❌ What you are doing? → ✅ What are you doing?
- ❌ I'm writeing. → ✅ I'm writing.
- ❌ He is runing. → ✅ He is running.
- ❌ I'm knowing. → ✅ I know.
- ❌ She is having a new car. → ✅ She has a new car.
- ❌ I meet Tom tomorrow. → ✅ I'm meeting Tom tomorrow. (ustalenie)
- ❌ The train is leaving at 7 every morning. → ✅ The train leaves at 7 every morning.
- ❌ You're always lose your keys. → ✅ You're always losing your keys.
- ❌ She is being tired. → ✅ She is tired.
Przydatne tłumaczenia:
- Teraz się uczę. → I'm studying now.
- W tym tygodniu mieszkam u siostry. → I'm staying/living with my sister this week.
- Pogoda się poprawia. → The weather is improving.
- Jutro spotykam Annę. → I'm meeting Anna tomorrow.
- Ciągle gubisz klucze! → You're always losing your keys!
- Uważam, że masz rację. → I think you're right.
- Zastanawiam się nad zmianą pracy. → I'm thinking about changing my job.
- Kucharz próbuje zupy. → The chef is tasting the soup.
- Zachowujesz się niegrzecznie. → You're being rude.
W transformacji:
I have arranged to meet Paul tomorrow.
I'm meeting Paul tomorrow.
W luce:
Look! It _____. (SNOW) → is snowing
More and more young people _____ online. (SHOP) → are shopping
Zadania maturalne
Najpierw rozwiąż samodzielnie.
Zadanie 1 - budowa
- Kate _____ (study) in her room.
- I _____ (not/watch) television.
- _____ Tom _____ (sleep)?
- What _____ you _____ (do)?
- The children _____ (play) outside.
- It _____ (rain) heavily.
- We _____ (have) dinner now.
- Why _____ she _____ (cry)?
- My parents _____ (not/work) today.
- Who _____ Anna _____ (talk) to?
Zadanie 2 - forma -ing
- write → _____
- run → _____
- make → _____
- swim → _____
- lie → _____
- take → _____
- get → _____
- see → _____
- stop → _____
- die → _____
Zadanie 3 - Simple czy Continuous?
- I usually _____ (go) by bus, but today I _____ (walk).
- My sister _____ (live) in Warsaw, but this month she _____ (stay) with us.
- I _____ (think) this exercise is difficult.
- I _____ (think) about an extra course.
- Tom _____ (have) two brothers.
- Tom can't answer. He _____ (have) a shower.
- The soup _____ (taste) delicious.
- The chef _____ (taste) the sauce.
- My father usually _____ (work) from home on Fridays.
- This week he _____ (work) from the office.
Zadanie 4 - popraw błąd
- She is study for an exam.
- What do you doing?
- I am knowing the answer.
- He is makeing dinner.
- They're swiming in the sea.
- My sister is having a new car. (posiadanie)
- I'm thinking this is a bad idea. (opinia)
- The train is leaving every morning at 7.10. (rozkład)
- You are always complain!
- She is being very tired today.
Zadanie 5 - przetłumacz fragment
- Look! It (pada śnieg) _____.
- What (teraz robisz) _____?
- We (mieszkamy teraz) _____ with our grandparents while our flat is renovated.
- More and more students (korzysta) _____ from online platforms.
- I (spotykam się z Tomem) _____ tomorrow.
- Why (ciągle przychodzisz za późno) _____?
- I (zastanawiam się nad) _____ studying abroad.
- The chef (próbuje) _____ the soup.
- You (zachowujesz się) _____ very strangely today.
- While you (będziesz się przygotowywać) _____, I'll make coffee.
Zadanie 6 - opis zdjęcia
Rodzina jest w parku. Rodzice siedzą na kocu, dzieci grają w piłkę, a pies za nimi biegnie.
The parents 1. _____ (sit) on a blanket and they 2. _____ (talk). Their children 3. _____ (play) with a ball. A dog 4. _____ (run) behind them. Everyone 5. _____ (wear) casual clothes and the children 6. _____ (seem) happy.
Czy wszystkie luki wymagają Continuous?
Zadanie 7 - przyszłość
- I am meeting / meet my dentist tomorrow. (Wizyta umówiona.)
- The train is arriving / arrives at 10.15 according to the timetable.
- We are flying / fly to Rome on Saturday. Tickets are booked.
- What are you doing / do you do tonight? (Plany.)
- My classes usually are finishing / finish at three.
- The concert starts / is starting at eight according to the programme.
- Kate is having / has dinner with us tomorrow. It's arranged.
- Our bus leaves / is leaving every thirty minutes.
Zadanie 8 - stative verbs
- I think / am thinking you're right.
- I think / am thinking of buying a laptop.
- This cake tastes / is tasting fantastic.
- Anna tastes / is tasting the cake now.
- I have / am having a new phone.
- We have / are having lunch now.
- I see / am seeing what you mean.
- I see / am seeing my doctor tomorrow.
- You are / are being very rude today.
- Tom is / is being a patient person. (Stała cecha.)
Zadanie 9 - transformacje
-
I have arranged to see Anna tomorrow. MEETING
I _____ tomorrow. -
Tom complains all the time and it annoys me. ALWAYS
Tom _____ about everything. -
There are more and more cars on the roads. INCREASING
The number of cars on the roads _____. -
My normal home is London, but I am in Paris for three months. LIVING
I _____ for three months. -
My opinion is that the plan will not work. THINK
I _____ work. -
I am considering moving abroad. THINKING
I _____ abroad. -
Sarah is normally polite, but not today. BEING
Sarah _____ today. -
We arranged dinner together on Friday. HAVING
We _____ on Friday.
Zadanie 10 - mini-test podstawowy
- Be quiet! The baby _____ (sleep).
- This week my parents _____ (work) from home.
- Look at the clouds. It _____ (rain).
- I can't talk. I _____ (drive).
- We _____ (stay) at a small hotel this week.
- More people _____ (choose) bicycles these days.
- What _____ you _____ (do) tonight?
- Kate _____ (meet) friends tomorrow.
- My brother _____ (not/use) the computer now.
- Why _____ Tom _____ (laugh)?
Zadanie 11 - mini-test rozszerzony
Wstaw Present Simple lub Present Continuous.
- I _____ (see) what you're saying.
- I _____ (see) my manager at three.
- The company _____ (become) increasingly successful.
- Why _____ you always _____ (interrupt) me?
- This jacket _____ (not/fit) me anymore.
- Tom _____ (be) unusually helpful today.
- I _____ (suppose) you're right.
- The number of remote workers _____ (increase).
- This coffee _____ (smell) wonderful.
- She _____ (smell) the milk to check it.
- While you _____ (talk) to reception, I'll get the bags.
- I usually _____ (feel) tired, but today I _____ (feel) energetic.
Odpowiedzi
Zadanie 1
- is studying, 2. am not watching, 3. Is/sleeping, 4. are/doing, 5. are playing, 6. is raining, 7. are having, 8. is/crying, 9. aren't working, 10. is/talking.
Present Continuous zawsze wymaga am/is/are + -ing.
Zadanie 2
- writing, 2. running, 3. making, 4. swimming, 5. lying, 6. taking, 7. getting, 8. seeing, 9. stopping, 10. dying.
Zadanie 3
- go / am walking, 2. lives / is staying, 3. think, 4. am thinking, 5. has, 6. is having, 7. tastes, 8. is tasting, 9. works, 10. is working.
Rutyna kontrastuje z wyjątkową sytuacją; stan z aktywną czynnością.
Zadanie 4
- She is studying for an exam.
- What are you doing?
- I know the answer.
- He is making dinner.
- They're swimming.
- My sister has a new car.
- I think this is a bad idea.
- The train leaves every morning.
- You are always complaining!
- She is very tired today.
Zadanie 5
- is snowing, 2. are you doing now, 3. are staying/are living now, 4. are using, 5. am meeting Tom, 6. are you always arriving late, 7. am thinking about, 8. is tasting, 9. are behaving / are being, 10. are getting ready.
W tłumaczeniu kontekst powinien jednoznacznie wskazywać konstrukcję. Przy feel, look, have i planach czasem możliwa jest więcej niż jedna naturalna forma.
Zadanie 6
- are sitting, 2. are talking, 3. are playing, 4. is running, 5. is wearing, 6. seem.
Seem opisuje stan i zwykle nie występuje w Continuous. Opis zdjęcia nie oznacza „wszystkie czasowniki w Continuous”.
Zadanie 7
- am meeting, 2. arrives, 3. are flying, 4. are you doing, 5. finish, 6. starts, 7. is having, 8. leaves.
Osobiste ustalenie → Continuous. Rozkład i program → Simple.
Zadanie 8
- think, 2. am thinking, 3. tastes, 4. is tasting, 5. have, 6. are having, 7. see, 8. am seeing, 9. are being, 10. is.
Nie ucz się „think = Simple”. Ucz się: znaczenie czasownika → wybór aspektu.
Zadanie 9
- am meeting Anna, 2. is always complaining, 3. is increasing, 4. am living in Paris, 5. think the plan won't, 6. am thinking about moving, 7. is being impolite/rude, 8. are having dinner together.
Zadanie 10
- is sleeping, 2. are working, 3. is raining, 4. am driving, 5. are staying, 6. are choosing, 7. are/doing, 8. is meeting, 9. isn't using, 10. is/laughing.
Zadanie 11
- see, 2. am seeing, 3. is becoming, 4. are/interrupting, 5. doesn't fit, 6. is being, 7. suppose, 8. is increasing, 9. smells, 10. is smelling, 11. are talking, 12. feel / feel albo am feeling.
Przy aktualnym samopoczuciu zarówno I feel energetic, jak i I'm feeling energetic mogą być naturalne. Nie wymuszaj jednej odpowiedzi bez kontekstu.
Szybka ściąga
Budowa
am/is/are + verb-ing
I am working. · She is working. · They are working.
Przeczenie:
I'm not working. · She isn't working. · They aren't working.
Pytanie:
Are you working? · Is she working? · What are they doing?
Zastosowanie
- Teraz: I'm doing my homework.
- Obecny proces: I'm reading a great book.
- Sytuacja tymczasowa: I'm staying with friends this week.
- Zmiana lub trend: Prices are rising.
- Przyszłe ustalenie: I'm meeting Kate tomorrow.
- Always + irytacja: You're always complaining!
- Widoczna czynność: The children are playing football.
Najważniejsze pułapki
- Nie zapominaj o be: I'm working, nie I working.
- Nie używaj do/does: Is she working?
- Stative verbs: I know, nie I'm knowing.
- Sprawdzaj znaczenie: I think vs I'm thinking about.
- Have: I have a car vs I'm having lunch.
- Przyszłość: I'm meeting Tom, ale the train leaves at seven.
Przed maturą opanuj: budowę, zasady -ing, now/around now, sytuacje tymczasowe, zmiany, future arrangements, Simple vs Continuous, stative verbs, think/have/see/taste, always + Continuous, be being i opis zdjęcia.

