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Przymiotnik opisuje rzeczownik lub stan osoby i rzeczy. Przysłówek najczęściej opisuje sposób wykonania czynności, ale podobne formy mogą mieć zupełnie różne znaczenie.
Adjective czy adverb?
| Funkcja | Forma | Przykład |
|---|---|---|
| opis rzeczownika | adjective | a careful driver |
| po be/seem/become/get | adjective | She is careful. |
| opis czasownika | adverb | She drives carefully. |
| opis adjective/adverb | adverb | extremely useful |
Jak tworzymy przysłówki?
careful -> carefully,slow -> slowly,easy -> easily,terrible -> terribly.
Nie wszystkie kończą się na -ly. Fast, hard, late i early mogą być przysłówkami bez -ly. Good ma nieregularną formę well: She is a good student. She studies well.
Czasowniki zmysłów i adjective
Po look, sound, smell, taste, feel zwykle używamy przymiotnika, ponieważ opisujemy podmiot:
- You look tired.
- That sounds interesting.
- The soup smells delicious.
- This coffee tastes strange.
- The fabric feels soft.
Przysłówek jest możliwy przy znaczeniu czynności: He smelled the food carefully.
Końcówki -ed i -ing
Forma -ed opisuje uczucie osoby, a -ing rzecz lub sytuację wywołującą to uczucie:
- I am bored. The film is boring.
- I was disappointed because the result was disappointing.
interested/interesting,excited/exciting,tired/tiring,confused/confusing.
So i such
So + adjective/adverb:
- The exam was so difficult that many students ran out of time.
- She spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear her.
Such + (a/an) + adjective + noun:
- It was such a difficult exam that many students ran out of time.
- They are such friendly people.
- We had such bad weather.
Porównaj: so difficult i such a difficult task.
So much, many, few i little
- We had so much work that we stayed late.
- There were so many people that we could not get in.
- She has so few opportunities to practise.
- We had so little time that we skipped lunch.
Too i enough
Too oznacza „zbyt” i zwykle ma negatywne znaczenie:
- The bag is too heavy.
- The task was too difficult for me to finish.
- There is too much traffic. There are too many cars.
Enough stoi po przymiotniku lub przysłówku, ale przed rzeczownikiem:
- old enough, quickly enough,
- enough time, enough money,
- She is old enough to travel alone.
Hard i hardly
- She works hard. = Pracuje ciężko.
- She hardly works. = Prawie nie pracuje.
Hardly nie jest „bardziej przysłówkową” wersją hard. To dwa różne znaczenia.
Sklep MaturaAngielski.org
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Late i lately
- We arrived late. = Przyjechaliśmy późno.
- I have been very busy lately. = Ostatnio byłem bardzo zajęty.
High, highly, near i nearly
- The plane flew high. = wysoko.
- She is highly qualified. = bardzo wysoko oceniana pod względem kwalifikacji.
- Come near. = blisko.
- I nearly missed the train. = prawie.
Miejsce przysłówka
Przysłówki częstotliwości stoją zwykle przed czasownikiem, po be i po pierwszym czasowniku pomocniczym:
- She never complains.
- Tom is always late.
- We have often visited this place.
Przysłówek sposobu często stoi po dopełnieniu: She read the message carefully, nie She read carefully the message.
Kolejność przymiotników
Przy kilku przymiotnikach przydaje się kolejność: opinia -> rozmiar -> wiek -> kształt -> kolor -> pochodzenie -> materiał -> przeznaczenie -> rzeczownik.
- a beautiful small old Italian wooden table,
- a lovely big black leather bag.
The z przymiotnikiem
The + adjective może oznaczać grupę ludzi: the rich, the poor, the elderly, the unemployed. Wyrażenie ma znaczenie mnogie: The elderly are... Nie dodajemy końcówki -s.
Najczęstsze błędy
| Błąd | Poprawnie |
|---|---|
| She sings beautiful. | She sings beautifully. |
| The soup smells deliciously. | The soup smells delicious. |
| I am boring. | I am bored. |
| It was so difficult exam. | It was such a difficult exam. |
| He is enough old. | He is old enough. |
| We do not have money enough. | We do not have enough money. |
| She hardly works. - ciężko | She works hard. |
| I have seen him late. - ostatnio | I have seen him lately. |
Ćwiczenia
Wybierz właściwą formę:
- She speaks English very ___ (
good/well). - This soup smells ___ (
wonderful/wonderfully). - Tom answered the question ___ (
careful/carefully). - You look ___ today (
tired/tiredly). - The instructions were very ___ (
confusing/confused). - I felt ___ after reading them (
confusing/confused).
Odpowiedzi: 1. well; 2. wonderful; 3. carefully; 4. tired; 5. confusing; 6. confused.
Uzupełnij so, such, too lub enough:
- It was ___ cold that we stayed inside.
- It was ___ a cold day that we stayed inside.
- They are ___ helpful people.
- The box is ___ heavy for me to lift.
- She is not old ___ to drive.
- We have ___ time to finish the task.
Odpowiedzi: 1. so; 2. such; 3. such; 4. too; 5. enough; 6. enough.
Mini-test i szybka ściąga
- The cake tastes wonderful / wonderfully.
- It was ___ a good idea that everyone agreed.
- She is not confident ___ to speak in public.
- Correct: He works hardly every day.
- I am interested / interesting in the course.
Odpowiedzi: 1. wonderful; 2. such; 3. enough; 4. He works hard every day; 5. interested.
Ściąga: adjective -> noun/state; adverb -> action. look/sound/smell/taste/feel + adjective. so + adjective/adverb; such + noun phrase; too = zbyt; adjective + enough; enough + noun; hard != hardly, late != lately.

