Be going to - budowa, zastosowanie, różnica z will i zadania maturalne

CKE uwzględnia going to na poziomie podstawowym i rozszerzonym, podając między innymi przykłady It's going to rain oraz What are you going to do about it?

Spójrz:

I'm going to study medicine.
Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.
We're going to buy a new car next year.

Pierwsze zdanie wyraża zamiar, drugie przewidywanie oparte na tym, co widzimy, a trzecie wcześniejszy plan. Be going to nie jest zwykłym zamiennikiem will.

Budowa be going to

Schemat:

subject + am/is/are + going to + podstawowa forma czasownika

Skróty:

I'm going to...
You're going to...
He's/She's going to...
We're/They're going to...

Przeczenia

subject + am/is/are + not + going to + verb

I'm not going to buy it.
She isn't going to come.
We aren't going to stay long.

Pytania

Am/Is/Are + subject + going to + verb?

Are you going to study?
Is Tom going to come?
Are they going to move?

What are you going to do?
Where are you going to stay?
How are you going to get there?
Who are you going to invite?

Najważniejsza pułapka budowy

Nie gubimy am/is/are, a po to stosujemy formę podstawową:

❌ I going to study. → ✅ I'm going to study.
❌ She is going to studies. → ✅ She is going to study.

Zamiary i wcześniejsze decyzje

Zamiar dotyczący przyszłości

Going to często pokazuje, że decyzja lub zamiar istnieje już przed momentem mówienia:

I'm going to learn Spanish.
I'm going to look for a summer job.
She's going to study abroad.
We're going to save some money.
They're going to renovate their flat.

Nie oznacza to, że plan jest w 100% zorganizowany. Zdanie I'm going to travel around Asia one day może opisywać realny zamiar bez biletu, hotelu i daty.

Decyzja wcześniej vs decyzja teraz

I've decided to change my diet. I'm going to stop eating so much sugar. - wcześniejszy zamiar

A: There's no bread.
B: I'll buy some. - spontaniczna decyzja

A: What are you doing after school?
B: I don't know. Maybe I'll go home.

Decyzja jeszcze nie istnieje. Ale I'm going to revise tonight pokazuje już podjęty zamiar.

Przewidywania z dowodów

Drugie kluczowe zastosowanie to przewidywanie oparte na aktualnej sytuacji:

Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.
He's standing near the edge. He's going to fall!
That glass is going to fall.
They're losing 5-0. They're going to lose.
She looks pale. I think she's going to be sick.

Porównaj:

I think it will rain tomorrow. - opinia lub przekonanie
Look at the sky! It's going to rain. - dowód teraz

To nie matematyczna granica każdego prawdziwego zdania, ale bardzo przydatne rozróżnienie maturalne: opinia → will; aktualny dowód → going to.

Skutek wydaje się nieunikniony

The company is losing money. It's going to have serious problems.
You're driving too fast. You're going to have an accident.
We haven't studied. We're going to fail this test.

Wniosek wynika z obecnej sytuacji.

Going to a inne future forms

Present Continuous

I'm going to visit Anna this weekend. - taki jest mój plan
I'm visiting Anna at four on Saturday. - bardziej konkretne ustalenie

Present Continuous często sugeruje datę, godzinę, miejsce, rezerwację albo uzgodnienie z drugą osobą.

Obie formy bywają możliwe:

I'm going to meet Tom tomorrow.
I'm meeting Tom tomorrow.

Pierwsza eksponuje zamiar, druga arrangement. Bez dostatecznego kontekstu nie każde ćwiczenie ma tylko jedną odpowiedź.

Present Simple

I'm going to travel to Berlin tomorrow. - osobisty zamiar
The train leaves at 7.30. - oficjalny rozkład

Present Simple często opisuje rozkłady, programy i harmonogramy.

Going to go

I'm going to go to London next month.

To zdanie jest poprawne. Przy konkretnym ustaleniu można też powiedzieć I'm going to London next month.

Konstrukcja przyszła czy ruch?

I'm going to buy a laptop. - going to + verb, konstrukcja przyszła
I'm going to school. - to school wskazuje miejsce, więc going oznacza ruch

Konstrukcje rozszerzone

Was/were going to

was/were going to + verb

Opisuje wcześniejszy zamiar w przeszłości, często niezrealizowany:

I was going to call you, but I forgot.
We were going to go out, but it started raining.
She was going to study medicine, but she changed her mind.
I was going to buy the jacket, but it was too expensive.

Zamierzona czynność nie musi się wydarzyć.

Gonna

W bardzo nieformalnej mowie można usłyszeć I'm gonna call him. Na maturze warto rozumieć tę wymowę, ale w standardowym writingu piszemy going to, nie gonna.

Be going to na maturze

Konstrukcja przydaje się do mówienia o edukacji, wakacjach, pracy i wydarzeniach:

What are you going to do after your matura exam?

I'm going to take a short break because I think I'll be exhausted. Then I'm going to look for a summer job. I'm also planning to go on holiday.

Naturalna wypowiedź łączy różne future forms.

Typowe polskie zdania

Mam zamiar nauczyć się hiszpańskiego. → I'm going to learn Spanish.
Zamierzamy kupić samochód. → We're going to buy a car.
Co zamierzasz zrobić? → What are you going to do?
Nie zamierzam tego kupować. → I'm not going to buy it.
Spójrz na chmury. Będzie padać. → It's going to rain.
Uważaj! Upadniesz! → You're going to fall!
Miałem zadzwonić, ale zapomniałem. → I was going to call, but I forgot.

Najczęstsze błędy

1. ❌ I going to study. → ✅ I'm going to study.
2. ❌ She going to come. → ✅ She's going to come.
3. ❌ I am going study. → ✅ I am going to study.
4. ❌ He's going to studies. → ✅ He's going to study.
5. ❌ Do you going to buy it? → ✅ Are you going to buy it?
6. ❌ I don't going to go. → ✅ I'm not going to go.
7. ❌ It is will rain. → ✅ It's going to rain.
8. Przy podjętej wcześniej decyzji naturalnie: I'm going to buy a car. Samo will buy nie zawsze jest niegramatyczne, ale nie eksponuje tego samego znaczenia.

Zadania maturalne

Zadanie 1 - budowa

1. I _____ going to study tonight.
2. She _____ going to buy a phone.
3. They _____ going to move.
4. We _____ not going to stay.
5. _____ Tom going to come?
6. What _____ you going to do?
7. My parents _____ going to renovate the kitchen.
8. I _____ not going to change my mind.

Zadanie 2 - utwórz zdanie

1. she / study / medicine
2. we / not / buy / it
3. what / you / do / tomorrow?
4. Tom / look for / new job
5. they / travel / around Europe
6. your parents / move / house?

Zadanie 3 - will czy going to?

1. A: The phone is ringing. B: I _____ answer it.
2. I've decided to learn German. I _____ start a course.
3. I think people _____ live longer.
4. Look at the sky. It _____ snow.
5. A: I can't carry this. B: I _____ help you.
6. We've saved enough. We _____ buy a laptop.
7. Be careful! You _____ drop that plate.
8. I'm sure you _____ enjoy your holiday.

Zadanie 4 - going to czy Present Continuous?

1. I've decided to visit Prague one day. I _____ visit Prague.
2. I _____ meet Tom at seven. We've arranged it.
3. She's decided to find a new job. She _____ look for one.
4. We _____ fly to Rome on Friday. Tickets are booked.
5. I _____ start exercising more. That's my resolution.
6. I _____ see my dentist at three. The appointment is confirmed.

Zadanie 5 - popraw błędy

1. I'm going buy a laptop.
2. She going to study abroad.
3. Do you going to leave?
4. I'm not going study.
5. Look at him! He will going to fall.
6. They are going to moves.
7. What do you going to do?
8. I was going call you, but I forgot.

Zadanie 6 - tłumaczenie

1. Mam zamiar znaleźć pracę na wakacje.
2. Nie zamierzamy się przeprowadzać.
3. Co zamierzasz studiować?
4. Spójrz na chmury. Będzie padać.
5. Uważaj! Rozbijesz tę szklankę.
6. Miałam kupić tę sukienkę, ale zmieniłam zdanie.
7. Czy zamierzacie zostać tu na noc?
8. Ona zamierza oszczędzać więcej.

Zadanie 7 - mini-test podstawowy

I've decided what to do after school. I 1. _____ study psychology. I haven't chosen a university, but I think I 2. _____ apply to several. My sister has arranged her future differently. She 3. _____ start a job in September. Look at her desk - she has bought five books about her profession. She 4. _____ be busy! I think both of us 5. _____ have an interesting year.

Zadanie 8 - mini-test rozszerzony

1. I _____ call Tom, but decided it was too late.
2. Look at the company's results. They _____ have problems.
3. I've decided I _____ not accept the offer.
4. A: Somebody must tell Kate. B: I _____ do it.
5. We _____ meet at six. Everything is arranged.
6. I think the meeting _____ take two hours.

Odpowiedzi

Zadanie 1

1. am, 2. is, 3. are, 4. are, 5. Is, 6. are, 7. are, 8. am.

Zadanie 2

1. She is going to study medicine.
2. We aren't going to buy it.
3. What are you going to do tomorrow?
4. Tom is going to look for a new job.
5. They are going to travel around Europe.
6. Are your parents going to move house?

Zadanie 3

1. will - spontaniczna decyzja.
2. am going to - wcześniejszy zamiar.
3. will - opinia.
4. is going to - aktualny dowód.
5. will - spontaniczna oferta.
6. are going to - wcześniejszy plan.
7. are going to - widoczne zagrożenie.
8. will - przewidywanie/opinia.

Zadanie 4

1. am going to, 2. am meeting, 3. is going to, 4. are flying, 5. am going to, 6. am seeing.

Going to eksponuje zamiar; Present Continuous konkretne ustalenie.

Zadanie 5

1. I'm going to buy a laptop.
2. She's going to study abroad.
3. Are you going to leave?
4. I'm not going to study.
5. He's going to fall.
6. They're going to move.
7. What are you going to do?
8. I was going to call you, but I forgot.

Zadanie 6

1. I'm going to find a summer job.
2. We aren't going to move.
3. What are you going to study?
4. Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.
5. Be careful! You're going to break that glass.
6. I was going to buy that dress, but I changed my mind.
7. Are you going to stay here overnight?
8. She's going to save more money.

Zadanie 7

1. am going to, 2. will probably / think I will, 3. is starting lub is going to start - przy arranged bardzo naturalne jest is starting, 4. is going to, 5. will.

Różne future forms naturalnie występują razem.

Zadanie 8

1. was going to, 2. are going to, 3. am not going to, 4. will, 5. are meeting, 6. will.

Szybka ściąga

Najważniejsze jest nie jedno słowo czasu, lecz relacja znaczenie → forma.

Present Continuous dla przyszłości - plany i ustalenia