Status w CKE
CKE nie wymienia Mixed Conditionals jako osobnego numerowanego typu. Wymienia typy 0, I i II na poziomie podstawowym oraz 0, I, II i III na rozszerzeniu.
Mixed Conditionals traktujemy więc jako materiał rozszerzający, przydatny po dobrym opanowaniu Second i Third Conditional.
Najważniejsza idea
W Mixed Conditional warunek i rezultat odnoszą się do różnych momentów.
If I had gone to bed earlier, I wouldn't be so tired now.
Warunek dotyczy przeszłości, a rezultat teraźniejszości. To właśnie mieszanie perspektyw czasowych.
Typ 1 - przeszła przyczyna, teraźniejszy skutek
Najczęstszy schemat:
IF + PAST PERFECT, WOULD + VERB
- If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.
- If we had moved to London, we would live there now.
- If she had accepted the job, she would earn much more now.
Warunek jest nierealną przeszłością, ale rezultat opisuje aktualny stan.
Logika zdania
If I had taken that job, I would live in Berlin now.
Rzeczywistość:
- Nie przyjąłem tej pracy w przeszłości.
- Dlatego nie mieszkam teraz w Berlinie.
Najpierw ustal: kiedy jest przyczyna i kiedy jest skutek?
Typowe zastosowania
- If I had studied harder at school, I would have a better job now.
- If we had bought that house, we would be living near the sea now.
- If Tom hadn't moved abroad, we would still see him every week.
- If I hadn't stayed up so late, I wouldn't be tired now.
Could i might również mogą tworzyć teraźniejszy rezultat:
- If I had taken that course, I could speak Spanish better now.
- If she had moved to London, she might have a better job now.
Typ 2 - obecny stan, przeszły skutek
Najczęstszy schemat:
IF + PAST SIMPLE, WOULD HAVE + V3
- If I were more organised, I wouldn't have missed the deadline yesterday.
- If Tom weren't so shy, he would have spoken to her at the party.
- If I spoke better French, I would have applied for that job last year.
Warunek opisuje obecną lub ogólną cechę, a rezultat konkretne wydarzenie w przeszłości.
If I were more careful, I wouldn't have made that mistake yesterday.
Rzeczywistość: ogólnie nie jestem wystarczająco ostrożny i dlatego wczoraj popełniłem błąd.
Second, Third czy Mixed?
| Konstrukcja | Perspektywa | Przykład |
|---|---|---|
| Second | teraz -> teraz | If I were organised, I wouldn't miss deadlines. |
| Third | przeszłość -> przeszłość | If I had been organised, I wouldn't have missed the deadline. |
| Mixed | teraz -> przeszłość | If I were organised, I wouldn't have missed it yesterday. |
| Mixed | przeszłość -> teraz | If I had gone to bed earlier, I wouldn't be tired now. |
Mixed Conditionals nie są jednym sztywnym czwartym okresem. To nazwa zdań, w których czas warunku i rezultatu się różni.
Sklep MaturaAngielski.org
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Jak rozpoznać Mixed Conditional?
Zadaj dwa pytania:
- Kiedy jest warunek - teraz, ogólnie czy w przeszłości?
- Kiedy jest rezultat - teraz czy w przeszłości?
I didn't take the job in London, so I don't live there now.
- przyczyna: przeszłość,
- skutek: teraźniejszość.
Transformacja:
If I had taken the job in London, I would live there now.
Jeżeli przeszłą przyczyną był proces, można użyć Past Perfect Continuous:
- If I hadn't been working all night, I wouldn't be exhausted now.
- If she had been sleeping properly, she wouldn't feel so tired today.
Typowe błędy
Automatyczne robienie Third Conditional
Nie: If I had studied medicine, I would have been a doctor now.
Tak: If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.
Rezultat dotyczy aktualnego stanu, dlatego używamy would be.
Automatyczne robienie Second Conditional
Nie: If I were confident, I would apply yesterday.
Tak: If I were more confident, I would have applied yesterday.
Zła trzecia forma
Nie: If I had went to bed earlier...
Tak: If I had gone to bed earlier...
Would po if
Nie: If I would have studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.
Tak: If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.
Priorytet maturalny
Na poziomie podstawowym najważniejsze są typy 0, I i II.
Na rozszerzeniu najpierw opanuj:
- Second Conditional,
- Third Conditional,
- Past Perfect,
wouldiwould have.
Dopiero potem przejdź do Mixed Conditionals, szczególnie przydatnych w transformacjach, tłumaczeniach i bardziej zaawansowanym writingu.
Zadania maturalne
Zadanie 1 - uzupełnij
- If I _____ (go) to bed earlier last night, I _____ not _____ (be) so tired now.
- If she _____ (accept) that job, she _____ (live) in London now.
- If Tom _____ (be) more organised, he _____ not _____ (miss) the meeting yesterday.
- If I _____ (speak) German better, I _____ (apply) for that position last year.
- If we _____ not _____ (move) away, we _____ still _____ (see) our old friends every week.
- If he _____ not _____ (work) all night, he _____ not _____ (feel) exhausted now.
Zadanie 2 - Second, Third czy Mixed?
Oznacz: S, T lub M.
- If I knew her number, I would call her now.
- If I had known her number yesterday, I would have called her.
- If I had taken that job, I would work in London now.
- If I were more confident, I would have spoken at the meeting yesterday.
- If we had booked earlier, we would have paid less.
- If I had slept better last night, I wouldn't feel so tired today.
Zadanie 3 - wybierz formę
- If I had taken the course, I would know / would have known more now.
- If Tom were more careful, he wouldn't break / wouldn't have broken the phone yesterday.
- If we had moved to the coast, we would live / would have lived near the sea now.
- If she spoke German, she would apply / would have applied for that job last year.
Zadanie 4 - transformacje
-
I didn't accept the job, so I don't work in London now.
IF
If I _____ the job, I would work in London now. -
I'm not organised, so I missed yesterday's deadline.
WERE
If I _____, I wouldn't have missed yesterday's deadline. -
I worked all night, so I am exhausted now.
BEEN
If I _____ all night, I wouldn't be exhausted now.
Odpowiedzi
Zadanie 1: 1. had gone / wouldn't / be, 2. had accepted / would live, 3. were / wouldn't have missed, 4. spoke / would have applied, 5. hadn't moved / would / see, 6. hadn't been working / wouldn't / feel.
Zadanie 2: 1. S, 2. T, 3. M, 4. M, 5. T, 6. M.
Zadanie 3: 1. would know, 2. wouldn't have broken, 3. would live, 4. would have applied.
Zadanie 4: 1. had accepted, 2. were more organised, 3. hadn't been working.
Szybka ściąga
Przeszła przyczyna -> obecny skutek
IF + PAST PERFECT, WOULD + VERB
Obecny lub ogólny stan -> przeszły skutek
IF + PAST SIMPLE, WOULD HAVE + V3
Nie wybieraj wzoru automatycznie. Najpierw ustal czas przyczyny i czas skutku.