Materiał w PDF: Pobierz artykuły 103-105 z ćwiczeniami i odpowiedziami.

Ściąga: Shall we...? = propozycja, Shall I...? = oferta, Would you like...? = uprzejma oferta, would = hipoteza, przyszłość w przeszłości albo dawny zwyczaj. Po would like zawsze to + verb.

Najważniejsza idea

CKE wymienia shall i would wśród czasowników modalnych, a would like to wśród konstrukcji czasownikowych - na obu poziomach.

Shall we...?

• Shall we go for a walk? - Może pójdziemy na spacer?
• Shall we meet at six?
• Where shall we meet?

Naturalny sposób proponowania wspólnej czynności, zwłaszcza w British English.

Shall I...?

• Shall I help you? - Pomóc ci?
• Shall I carry your bag?
• What shall I do? - Co mam zrobić?

Formalne shall

• The tenant shall pay the rent on the first day of each month.
• The company shall not be responsible for any loss.
• The agreement shall remain in force for twelve months.

W regulaminach shall wyraża postanowienie lub obowiązek prawny.

Would like + rzeczownik

I'd like a coffee, please. · Would you like some tea?

Would like + to-infinitive

• I'd like to speak to the manager.
• We'd like to book a double room.
• Would you like to join us?
• I wouldn't like to be in his place.

Would like + osoba + to

• I'd like you to come earlier.
• We'd like everyone to take part.
• She'd like Tom to call her.

Like vs would like

Do you like...? pyta o preferencję, Would you like...? składa ofertę.

Would have liked to

• I would have liked to stay longer, but I had to leave.
• She would have liked to study abroad, but she couldn't afford it.

Przeszła chęć, której nie udało się zrealizować.

Would w Second Conditional

If I had more time, I would learn Spanish. · What would you do if you won the lottery?

Future in the past

• She said she would call me.
• I knew the journey would be difficult.
• He promised he would help.

Would - dawne zwyczaje

• Every summer, my grandfather would take us fishing.
• After dinner, we would sit outside and talk for hours.

Would opisuje powtarzające się czynności. Do dawnych stanów używamy used to: I used to live in Dublin.

Uprzejme prośby

Would you help me with this bag? · Would you mind closing the window? · Would you rather stay at home?

Oceny i sugestie

It would be a good idea to book in advance. · It would be better to leave early. · That would be difficult.

Would tworzy dystans i łagodzi wypowiedź.

Shall vs will

Will to standardowa przyszłość dla wszystkich osób. Shall zachowuje funkcje Shall I...? / Shall we...? oraz styl formalny.

We will arrive at six. (zwykła przyszłość) vs Shall we arrive at six? (propozycja, ustalenie)

Najczęstsze błędy

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Ćwiczenia

Zadanie 1 - shall czy would?

1. ___ we go now?
2. ___ I carry your bag?
3. What ___ you do if you had more money?
4. She said she ___ call later.
5. It ___ be a good idea to check the timetable.
6. Where ___ we meet?

Odpowiedzi: Shall · Shall · would · would · would · shall

Zadanie 2 - would like

1. I'd like ___ (speak) to the manager.
2. Would you like ___ coffee?
3. She would like Tom ___ (help) her.
4. We'd like ___ (book) a room.
5. I wouldn't like ___ (be) in his place.

Odpowiedzi: to speak · some / a · to help · to book · to be

Zadanie 3 - popraw błędy

1. Shall we to start?
2. Would you like come with us?
3. I would like that you help me.
4. He said he will be late.
5. My grandfather would own a small farm when he was young.

Odpowiedzi: Shall we start? · Would you like to come with us? · I would like you to help me. · He said he would be late. · My grandfather used to own a small farm...

Zadanie 4 - tłumaczenie

1. Może pójdziemy do kina?
2. Pomóc ci?
3. Czy chciałbyś herbaty?
4. Chciałabym porozmawiać z kierownikiem.
5. Powiedziała, że mi pomoże.
6. Kiedy byliśmy dziećmi, każdego lata chodziliśmy nad rzekę. (WOULD)

Odpowiedzi: Shall we go to the cinema? · Shall I help you? · Would you like some tea? · I'd like to speak to the manager. · She said she would help me. · When we were children, we would go to the river every summer.

Zadanie 5 - transformacje

1. Why don't we go for a walk? SHALL
2. Do you want some coffee? LIKE
3. I want to speak to the manager. LIKE
4. She said, "I will help you." WOULD
5. I wanted to go, but I couldn't. LIKED

Odpowiedzi: Shall we go for a walk? · Would you like some coffee? · I would like to speak to the manager. · She said she would help me. · I would have liked to go, but I couldn't.

Mini-test - podstawa

1. Complete: ___ I open the window?
2. Complete: Would you like ___ (join) us?
3. Lepsza forma dla ogólnej preferencji: I would like a coffee every morning.
4. Translate: Co mamy zrobić?
5. Rewrite politely: I want a glass of water.

Odpowiedzi: Shall · to join · I like coffee / I like having coffee every morning. · What shall we do? · I'd like a glass of water, please.

Mini-test - rozszerzenie

1. Jakie znaczenie ma shall w: The company shall not be responsible...?
2. Rewrite with WOULD: In summer, my grandfather often took us fishing.
3. Complete: She said she ___ (not / be) late.
4. Translate: Chciałabym studiować za granicą, ale nie było mnie na to stać.
5. Wyjaśnij różnicę: Do you like coffee? / Would you like a coffee?

Odpowiedzi: formalne postanowienie, obowiązek regulaminowy · In summer, my grandfather would often take us fishing. · wouldn't be · I would have liked to study abroad, but I couldn't afford it. · pierwsze pyta o ogólne upodobanie, drugie składa konkretną ofertę