Tryb łączący (Subjunctive) - suggest, insist, recommend i demand na maturze rozszerzonej

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W Informatorze CKE tryb łączący pojawia się po stronie poziomu rozszerzonego, z przykładami I suggest that you bring your own towel oraz I insist that he go home. Najłatwiej rozpoznać go przy 3. osobie liczby pojedynczej: he go, she be, Tom arrive - bez końcówki -s i bez zmiany be na is.

Najważniejsza idea

Subjunctive nie opisuje faktu. Pojawia się, gdy mówimy o tym, co ktoś proponuje, zaleca, nakazuje lub uważa za konieczne.

Podstawowy schemat

VERB / EXPRESSION + THAT + SUBJECT + BASE FORM

• I suggest that you bring a jacket.
• They recommend that she arrive early.
• The manager insisted that Tom stay until the end.
• The rules demand that every applicant provide identification.

Forma po podmiocie jest identyczna z bezokolicznikiem bez to.

Suggest

• I suggest that he take the earlier train.
• She suggested that we meet outside the station.
• I suggest taking the earlier train.

Nie stosuj suggest somebody to do something. Poprawnie: suggest doing albo suggest that somebody do.

Recommend

• I recommend that she book the tickets in advance.
• The doctor recommended that he rest for a few days.
• I recommend booking the tickets in advance.

Możliwe są zarówno that-clause, jak i forma z -ing. Transformacja między nimi jest częstym zadaniem maturalnym.

Insist

• I insist that he apologise.
• She insisted that every student be present.
• They insisted that we not leave before the end.

Konstrukcja pokrewna: insist on + -ing / noun - She insisted on paying for dinner.

Demand, request, propose

• The workers demanded that the company increase wages.
• The committee requested that the report be rewritten.
• They proposed that the meeting take place online.

Demand jest mocniejsze niż suggest czy recommend; request i propose należą do stylu formalnego.

Be w Subjunctive

Dla wszystkich osób zostaje be:

• It is vital that he be informed immediately.
• They insisted that she be given another chance.
• It is important that all candidates be ready by nine.

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Forma przecząca

Nie używamy do/does/did, tylko not + V1:

• I suggest that you not tell anyone yet.
• The doctor recommended that he not drive for a week.
• They demanded that the documents not be removed.

Bez backshiftu

Czasownik wprowadzający może być w Past Simple, ale forma po that pozostaje podstawowa:

• She insisted that he leave immediately.
• The doctor recommended that I stay at home for two days.

Wariant z should

Oba systemy są poprawne; wariant z should jest typowo brytyjski.

Przymiotniki + that

Po essential, vital, important, necessary, crucial działa ten sam mechanizm:

• It is essential that every applicant submit the form on time.
• It is vital that the data be stored securely.
• It is important that he not be disturbed.

Porównanie konstrukcji

Najczęstsze błędy

Tłumaczenia

• Sugeruję, żebyś zabrał parasol. -> I suggest that you take an umbrella.
• Nalegała, żeby on został w domu. -> She insisted that he stay at home.
• Lekarz zalecił, żeby Anna odpoczęła. -> The doctor recommended that Anna rest.
• Zażądali, aby dokument sprawdzono ponownie. -> They demanded that the document be checked again.
• To ważne, żeby każdy kandydat był gotowy. -> It is important that every candidate be ready.

Ćwiczenia i mini-test

Wybierz formę:

1. I suggest that Tom go / goes by train.
2. The doctor recommended that she rest / rests for a few days.
3. They insisted that every applicant be / is present.
4. The manager demanded that the report be rewritten / is rewritten.
5. She suggested me to call / that I call the office.
6. It is essential that he not tell / does not tell anyone yet.

Odpowiedzi: go; rest; be; be rewritten; that I call the office; not tell.

Przekształć:

1. I think you should take a taxi. SUGGEST
2. The doctor said that Tom should stay in bed. RECOMMENDED
3. The committee said the document had to be changed. DEMANDED
4. It is essential for every applicant to be informed. THAT

Odpowiedzi: I suggest that you take a taxi; The doctor recommended that Tom stay in bed; The committee demanded that the document be changed; It is essential that every applicant be informed.

Popraw błędy:

1. I suggest you to speak to your teacher.
2. She insisted that Tom leaves immediately.
3. The rules demand that every visitor is registered.
4. They recommended that he does not travel alone.
5. I recommend you booking in advance.

Odpowiedzi: I suggest that you speak to your teacher; ...that Tom leave immediately; ...that every visitor be registered; ...that he not travel alone; I recommend booking in advance.

Mini-test: The teacher suggested that each student ___ (bring) a dictionary. The manager insisted that the door ___ (remain) locked. The doctor recommended that he ___ (not work) for a few days. Rewrite with SUGGEST: I think it would be a good idea for Anna to apply. Passive: They demanded that someone rewrite the report.

Odpowiedzi: bring; remain; not work; I suggest that Anna apply; They demanded that the report be rewritten.

Ściąga: suggest/recommend/insist/demand + that + subject + V1. Przy be zawsze be. Przeczenie: not + V1. Wariant brytyjski: should + V1.