Third Conditional - if + Past Perfect, would have i zadania maturalne

Status w CKE

Third Conditional znajduje się w aktualnym wykazie CKE dla poziomu rozszerzonego. Opisuje przeszłość, której nie można już zmienić, oraz jej alternatywny skutek.

If I had known about your victory, I would have called to congratulate you.

Najważniejsza idea

Third Conditional mówi o sytuacji, która nie wydarzyła się w przeszłości, i rezultacie, który również nie nastąpił.

If I had studied more, I would have passed the exam.

Rzeczywistość: nie uczyłem się wystarczająco i nie zdałem egzaminu.

Budowa

Najważniejszy schemat:

IF + PAST PERFECT, WOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

• If I had left earlier, I would have caught the train.
• If she had studied more, she would have passed.
• If we had known about the problem, we would have helped.

W części z if używamy had + V3: had gone, had seen, had taken, had written.

W rezultacie: would have + V3: would have gone, would have helped, would have passed.

Przeczenia

• If I hadn't forgotten my wallet, I would have paid for dinner.
• If we had left earlier, we wouldn't have missed the train.
• If she hadn't ignored the warning, she wouldn't have made that mistake.

Pytania

• What would you have done if you had missed your flight?
• Would you have accepted the job if they had offered more money?
• Where would you have stayed if the hotel had been full?

Żal i alternatywna przeszłość

Third Conditional często opisuje żal, błąd lub analizę przyczyny i skutku:

• If I had listened to you, I wouldn't have made that mistake.
• If we had booked earlier, we would have paid less.
• If she had left home sooner, she wouldn't have been late.

Nie musi jednak wyrażać silnego żalu:

• If the weather had been better, more people would have attended the event.

Transformacja przyczynowo-skutkowa:

I didn't set an alarm. I overslept.
If I had set an alarm, I wouldn't have overslept.

Could have i might have

Could have oznacza możliwość lub zdolność w alternatywnej przeszłości:

• If we had left earlier, we could have caught the earlier train.
• If you had told me, I could have helped you.

Might have podkreśla, że rezultat był jedynie możliwy:

• If she had applied, she might have got the job.
• If the weather had been better, we might have gone hiking.

Second czy Third Conditional?

Second Conditional:
If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
Nie znam odpowiedzi teraz.

Third Conditional:
If I had known the answer, I would have told you.
Nie znałem odpowiedzi wtedy.

Porównaj:

• If I had more money, I would travel more. - teraz nie mam pieniędzy.
• If I had had more money, I would have travelled more. - w przeszłości nie miałem pieniędzy.

Pierwsze had w had had jest czasownikiem pomocniczym, drugie to trzecia forma have.

Konstrukcje rozszerzone

Past Perfect Continuous

Jeśli wcześniejszy warunek był procesem, można użyć Past Perfect Continuous:

• If I had been paying attention, I wouldn't have made that mistake.
• If he hadn't been driving so fast, he might have stopped in time.

Inwersja z Had

W bardziej formalnym języku można usunąć if:

• Had I known, I would have called you.
• Had we left earlier, we wouldn't have missed the train.

But for i without

• If you hadn't helped me, I wouldn't have finished on time.
• But for your help, I wouldn't have finished on time.
• Without your help, I wouldn't have finished on time.

Typowe błędy

Nie: If I had knew, I would have called.
Tak: If I had known, I would have called.

Nie: If she would have studied, she would have passed.
Tak: If she had studied, she would have passed.

Nie: If we had left earlier, we would catch the train.
Tak: If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train.

Nie: I would have went.
Tak: I would have gone.

Zadania maturalne

Zadanie 1 - uzupełnij

1. If I _____ (know) about the meeting, I _____ (come).
2. If we _____ (leave) earlier, we _____ not _____ (miss) the train.
3. If Tom _____ (study) more, he _____ (pass) the exam.
4. What _____ you _____ (do) if you _____ (lose) your passport abroad?
5. If she _____ not _____ (forget) her phone, she _____ (call) us.
6. If you _____ (tell) me, I _____ (can / help) you.

Zadanie 2 - popraw błędy

1. If I would have known, I would have called.
2. If she had went earlier, she wouldn't have missed the bus.
3. If we had booked sooner, we would paid less.
4. If Tom had studied, he would passed the exam.
5. If I had knew the address, I could have visited you.

Zadanie 3 - transformacje

1. I didn't study enough, so I failed the exam.
   IF
   If I _____ enough, I would have passed the exam.

2. We missed the train because we left home too late.
   EARLIER
   If we _____, we wouldn't have missed the train.

3. I didn't know about the event, so I didn't attend it.
   HAD
   If I _____ the event, I would have attended it.

4. If you hadn't helped me, I wouldn't have finished.
   BUT
   _____ your help, I wouldn't have finished.

Odpowiedzi

Zadanie 1: 1. had known / would have come, 2. had left / wouldn't have missed, 3. had studied / would have passed, 4. would / have done / had lost, 5. hadn't forgotten / would have called, 6. had told / could have helped.

Zadanie 2: 1. If I had known, I would have called. 2. If she had gone earlier, she wouldn't have missed the bus. 3. If we had booked sooner, we would have paid less. 4. If Tom had studied, he would have passed. 5. If I had known the address, I could have visited you.

Zadanie 3: 1. had studied, 2. had left home earlier, 3. had known about, 4. But for.

Szybka ściąga

IF + PAST PERFECT, WOULD HAVE + V3

• nierealna lub alternatywna przeszłość,
• could have = możliwość,
• might have = niepewny rezultat,
• Had I known... = formalna inwersja bez if,
• poziom rozszerzony.