Zaimki i określniki po angielsku - pełna powtórka do matury

Pakiet 94-96: Pobierz pełny PDF z ćwiczeniami i odpowiedziami.

Subject i object pronouns

• Tom and I are preparing a presentation.
• The teacher gave us extra time.
• Between you and me, this plan is risky.

Po przyimku używamy formy dopełnienia: for him, with us, between you and me.

My czy mine?

My, your, his, her, its, our, their stoją przed rzeczownikiem. Mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs zastępują całą grupę rzeczownikową.

• This is my coat. That one is yours.
• Our room is small. The larger room is theirs.

A friend of mine

Po of używamy zaimka dzierżawczego:

• Tom is a friend of mine.
• That was an idea of hers.

Nie: a friend of me w tym znaczeniu.

Reflexive pronouns

Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves stosujemy, gdy wykonawca i odbiorca czynności to ta sama osoba:

• He cut himself while cooking.
• She looked at herself in the mirror.

Reflexive czy object pronoun?

• Tom saw him. - zobaczył innego mężczyznę.
• Tom saw himself. - zobaczył samego siebie.

Emphatic pronouns

Te same formy mogą podkreślać osobę i można je usunąć bez naruszenia gramatyki:

• I wrote the report myself.
• The manager herself called me.

By myself

• I repaired the bike by myself. - samodzielnie.
• She lives by herself. - bez towarzystwa.

Polskie się a angielski

Nie tłumacz mechanicznie polskiego się:

• I got dressed quickly.
• He shaved before work.
• She concentrated on the task.

Sklep MaturaAngielski.org

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Each other i one another

Obie formy oznaczają nawzajem:

• We help each other with homework.
• The teams respect one another.

Ourselves = sami siebie, each other = siebie nawzajem.

This, that, these, those

Mogą występować przed rzeczownikiem lub samodzielnie: This book is mine. Those are yours.

Someone, anyone, no one, everyone

Złożenia z -one/-body/-thing są gramatycznie pojedyncze:

• Everyone is ready.
• Nothing has changed.
• Is anyone here?
• Nobody knows the answer.

Singular they

Naturalne odniesienie do someone/everyone/nobody:

• Someone has left their phone here.
• Everyone should bring their ID card.
• Everyone is ready, aren't they?

One i ones

Zastępują rzeczownik policzalny:

• I like the blue shirt, not the red one.
• These shoes are cheaper than the black ones.

Nie stosujemy ich typowo do rzeczowników niepoliczalnych: fresh coffee, nie fresh one.

Bezosobowe you i one

• In this job, you have to be patient. - neutralnie.
• One should check the facts. - bardziej formalnie.

Own

• I have my own room.
• She started her own business.
• They did it on their own.

On my own oznacza samodzielnie albo samotnie, zależnie od kontekstu.

Najczęstsze błędy

Ćwiczenia i mini-test

Wybierz:

1. Anna and I / me are working together.
2. The teacher gave Tom and I / me some advice.
3. This laptop is my / mine.
4. She taught her / herself to use the program.
5. We often help ourselves / each other.
6. Everybody is / are ready.
7. These / This shoes are too small.
8. Someone left his or her / their umbrella.

Odpowiedzi: I; me; mine; herself; each other; is; These; their.

Popraw:

1. Between you and I, this plan is risky.
2. This jacket is her.
3. He made the cake hisself.
4. Everybody have to register.
5. I like the blue shoes, not the black one.

Odpowiedzi: between you and me; hers; himself; Everybody has; black ones.

Mini-test: The teacher asked Anna and ___ (I/me) to stay. Everybody ___ (is/are) here, aren't they? We looked at ___ in the mirror. They have known ___ for years. Rewrite without repetition: I prefer the small car to the large car.

Odpowiedzi: me; is; ourselves; each other/one another; I prefer the small car to the large one.