Would rather i had better - preferencje, rada i ostrzeżenie na maturze

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Had better pojawia się w zakresie matury podstawowej i rozszerzonej. Would rather jest szczególnie ważne na poziomie rozszerzonym, między innymi w konstrukcjach I would rather go oraz They would rather you did not smoke here.

Najważniejsza różnica

Would rather wyraża preferencję: co wolimy zrobić albo co wolimy, żeby zrobiła inna osoba. Had better daje mocną radę lub ostrzeżenie i często sugeruje możliwą negatywną konsekwencję.

Would rather + bezokolicznik bez to

Po would rather używamy podstawowej formy czasownika bez to.

• I would rather stay at home.
• She would rather travel by train.
• We would rather wait until tomorrow.

Nie: I would rather to stay.
Tak: I would rather stay.

Nie: She would rather staying.
Tak: She would rather stay.

Skrót I'd rather

• I'd rather go now.
• We'd rather not wait.

Forma 'd może oznaczać would albo had. Znaczenie rozpoznajemy po konstrukcji: I'd rather = I would rather, a You'd better = You had better.

Would rather not

Not stoi po rather, a przed czasownikiem.

• I would rather not talk about it.
• We would rather not travel at night.
• She would rather not tell him yet.

Would rather A than B

Gdy porównujemy dwie czynności, warto zachować równoległą budowę po obu stronach than.

• I would rather walk than take a taxi.
• She would rather study at home than go to the library.
• We would rather save the money than spend it now.

Would you rather...?

To naturalny sposób pytania o preferencje.

• Would you rather live in a city or in the countryside?
• Would you rather work from home or in an office?
• Which course would you rather choose?

Preferencja dotycząca innej osoby

Gdy preferencja dotyczy innej osoby, używamy:

WOULD RATHER + OSOBA + PAST SIMPLE

• I would rather you came tomorrow.
• We would rather Tom stayed with us.
• They would rather you did not smoke here.

Past Simple nie musi oznaczać przeszłości. Tworzy dystans i pokazuje preferencję dotyczącą teraźniejszości lub przyszłości.

Na poziomie bardziej zaawansowanym preferencja dotycząca cudzej przeszłości może mieć Past Perfect:

• I'd rather you had told me earlier.
• She'd rather he had not mentioned the problem.

Would rather vs prefer

• I prefer tea to coffee.
• I prefer walking to driving.
• I would rather walk than drive.
• I would prefer to stay at home tonight.

Najważniejsze wzory:

• prefer A to B,
• prefer doing A to doing B,
• would rather do A than do B,
• would prefer to do something.

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Had better

Po had better używamy podstawowej formy czasownika bez to.

• You had better leave now.
• We had better book the tickets today.
• She had better speak to a doctor.

Had better wyraża mocną radę dotyczącą teraźniejszości lub przyszłości. Zwykle sugeruje, że niezastosowanie rady może mieć negatywną konsekwencję.

Had better not

Standardowy szyk to had better not + verb.

• You had better not be late.
• We had better not tell Tom yet.
• He had better not drive in this weather.

Nie: You had not better be late.
Tak: You had better not be late.

Had better nie jest przeszłością

Mimo formy had konstrukcja zwykle dotyczy teraźniejszości lub przyszłości.

• You had better call her now.
• We had better leave before it gets dark.

Had better vs should

Should daje ogólną radę. Had better jest często bardziej konkretne i mocniejsze, może brzmieć jak ostrzeżenie.

• You should exercise more. - ogólna rada
• You had better leave now or you will miss the last train. - konkretna sytuacja i konsekwencja

Had better nie zawsze jest bardziej grzeczne. W niektórych sytuacjach może brzmieć bezpośrednio.

Had better vs must / have to

Had better nie oznacza formalnego obowiązku. To rada lub ostrzeżenie. Must i have to dotyczą obowiązku albo konieczności.

• You had better take an umbrella. - rada
• You have to show your passport at the border. - wymóg

Podstawa i rozszerzenie

Podstawa - musisz znać

• had better + infinitive bez to,
• had better not + infinitive,
• znaczenie mocnej rady lub ostrzeżenia,
• różnicę had better vs should w podstawowych kontekstach.

Rozszerzenie - szczególnie ważne

• would rather + verb,
• would rather not + verb,
• would rather A than B,
• would rather + osoba + Past Simple,
• would rather + osoba + Past Perfect,
• transformacje z prefer, would prefer i would rather.

Typowe błędy

Nie: I would rather to go.
Tak: I would rather go.

Nie: I would rather you come tomorrow.
Tak: I would rather you came tomorrow.

Nie: You had better to leave.
Tak: You had better leave.

Nie: You had not better be late.
Tak: You had better not be late.

Nie: I prefer walking than driving.
Tak: I prefer walking to driving.

Zadania maturalne

Zadanie 1 - would rather

1. I would rather _____ (stay) at home tonight.
2. She would rather not _____ (discuss) the problem now.
3. We would rather _____ (walk) than _____ (take) a taxi.
4. I would rather you _____ (come) tomorrow.
5. They would rather Tom _____ not _____ (use) their car.
6. Would you rather _____ (work) from home or in an office?

Zadanie 2 - had better

1. You had better _____ (call) the doctor.
2. We had better not _____ (wait) any longer.
3. Tom had better _____ (leave) now or he will miss the train.
4. You _____ better not forget your passport.
5. She had better _____ (not / drive) if she is tired.

Zadanie 3 - wybierz konstrukcję

1. You look very ill. You _____ see a doctor.
2. I _____ tea to coffee.
3. I _____ stay at home than go out tonight.
4. We are going to miss the last bus. We _____ leave now.
5. She _____ working alone to working in a large team.

Zadanie 4 - transformacje

1. I prefer walking to taking the bus. RATHER
2. My preference is that you stay here tonight. RATHER
3. My strong advice is to leave now. BETTER
4. Do not tell Anna about the surprise. BETTER
5. I prefer not to discuss this now. RATHER

Odpowiedzi

Zadanie 1: 1. stay, 2. discuss, 3. walk / take, 4. came, 5. did / use, 6. work.

Zadanie 2: 1. call, 2. wait, 3. leave, 4. had, 5. not drive.

Zadanie 3: 1. had better, 2. prefer, 3. would rather, 4. had better, 5. prefers.

Zadanie 4: 1. I would rather walk than take the bus. 2. I would rather you stayed here tonight. 3. You had better leave now. 4. You had better not tell Anna about the surprise. 5. I would rather not discuss this now.

Szybka ściąga

• would rather + verb - wolę coś zrobić,
• would rather not + verb - wolę czegoś nie robić,
• would rather A than B - wolę A niż B,
• would rather + osoba + Past Simple - wolę, żeby ktoś zrobił coś inaczej,
• had better + verb - lepiej coś zrób,
• had better not + verb - lepiej czegoś nie rób,
• had better = mocna rada lub ostrzeżenie, should = zwykle bardziej ogólna rada.