Second Conditional - kiedy używamy? If + Past Simple, would, were i zadania maturalne

Status w CKE

Second Conditional należy do zakresu matury podstawowej i rozszerzonej. CKE wymienia zdania warunkowe typu II dla obu poziomów.

Konstrukcja opisuje sytuację hipotetyczną, wyobrażoną, mało realną albo sprzeczną z obecną rzeczywistością.

If he changed his ways, he'd have more friends.

Najważniejsza idea

Second Conditional dotyczy teraźniejszości lub przyszłości. Forma Past Simple nie przenosi zdania do przeszłości - tworzy dystans od rzeczywistości.

If I had more money, I would travel more.

Znaczenie: teraz nie mam wystarczająco dużo pieniędzy, więc wyobrażam sobie inną sytuację.

Budowa

Najczęstszy schemat:

IF + PAST SIMPLE, WOULD + VERB

• If I had more time, I would learn Spanish.
• If she lived closer, we would see her more often.
• If they offered me the job, I would accept it.

Po would używamy formy podstawowej: would go, would buy, would help, would be.

Przeczenia

• If I didn't have so much work, I would go with you.
• If the hotel were cheaper, we wouldn't stay anywhere else.
• If I didn't live so far away, I wouldn't need a car.

Pytania

• What would you do if you won the lottery?
• Where would you live if you could choose any country?
• Would you accept the offer if they paid you more?

Inwersja występuje w części z would. Część z if zachowuje zwykły szyk: if you won, nie if did you win.

Teraźniejszość i przyszłość

Second Conditional często opisuje coś, co nie jest prawdą teraz:

• If I knew the answer, I would tell you. - Nie znam odpowiedzi.
• If Tom had a car, he would drive to work. - Tom nie ma samochodu.
• If we lived closer to the city centre, we wouldn't spend so much time commuting.

Może też dotyczyć hipotetycznej lub mało realnej przyszłości:

• If I won the lottery, I would buy a house by the sea.
• If the company offered me a job abroad, I would seriously consider it.

Nie musi oznaczać sytuacji niemożliwej. Często pokazuje jedynie perspektywę mówiącego.

Were, could i might

W hipotetycznych zdaniach z czasownikiem be standardową formą jest were dla wszystkich osób:

• If I were you, I would talk to the teacher.
• If he were more patient, he would be a better manager.
• If she were here, she would know what to do.

W języku nieformalnym można spotkać was, ale na egzaminie were jest bezpiecznym wyborem.

Could może opisywać hipotetyczną możliwość lub umiejętność:

• If I could speak Japanese, I would apply for that job.
• If we could afford a bigger flat, we would move.

W rezultacie could oznacza możliwość, a might niepewny wynik:

• If I had more free time, I could exercise every day.
• If she moved to London, she might find a better job.

First czy Second Conditional?

Różnica często wynika z perspektywy mówiącego, a nie z matematycznej oceny prawdopodobieństwa.

Typowe błędy

Nie: If I would have more money, I would travel.
Tak: If I had more money, I would travel.

Nie: If I was you, I will apologise.
Najbezpieczniej: If I were you, I would apologise.

Nie: If she knew the answer, she would told us.
Tak: If she knew the answer, she would tell us.

Nie: What would you do if you would win?
Tak: What would you do if you won?

Zadania maturalne

Zadanie 1 - uzupełnij

1. If I _____ (have) more free time, I _____ (learn) another language.
2. If Tom _____ (live) closer, we _____ (see) him more often.
3. What _____ you _____ (do) if you _____ (win) the lottery?
4. If she _____ (not / be) so shy, she _____ (make) friends more easily.
5. If we _____ (can) afford it, we _____ (buy) a bigger flat.
6. If I _____ (be) you, I _____ not _____ (accept) that offer.

Zadanie 2 - First czy Second?

1. If I _____ (finish) early today, I'll call you.
2. If I _____ (have) a million pounds, I'd travel around the world.
3. If Tom _____ (come) tomorrow, we'll discuss the problem.
4. If I _____ (be) taller, I would play basketball professionally.
5. If the weather _____ (improve) this afternoon, we may go out.
6. If I _____ (know) her number, I'd phone her now.

Zadanie 3 - transformacje

1. I don't have enough money, so I can't buy the car.
   IF
   If _____ enough money, I would buy the car.

2. My advice is to speak to your teacher.
   WERE
   If _____, I would speak to your teacher.

3. I can't swim, so I don't go sailing.
   COULD
   If _____, I would go sailing.

4. Kate lives far away, so we don't see her often.
   LIVED
   If Kate _____, we would see her more often.

Odpowiedzi

Zadanie 1: 1. had / would learn, 2. lived / would see, 3. would / do / won, 4. weren't / would make, 5. could / would buy, 6. were / would / accept.

Zadanie 2: 1. finish, 2. had, 3. comes, 4. were, 5. improves, 6. knew.

Zadanie 3: 1. I had, 2. I were you, 3. I could swim, 4. lived closer.

Szybka ściąga

IF + PAST SIMPLE, WOULD + VERB

• hipotetyczna teraźniejszość lub przyszłość,
• were w standardowym If I were you,
• could = możliwość lub zdolność,
• might = niepewny rezultat,
• nie używaj zwykłego would po if.