Czy istnieje lista „magicznych zwrotów”, które gwarantują wysoki wynik za writing? Nie. CKE ocenia realizację treści, spójność, zakres języka i poprawność. Zwroty mają przede wszystkim pomóc Ci wykonać polecenie.
Na poziomie podstawowym możesz pisać e-mail, wpis na blogu albo forum. Każda wypowiedź ma 100-150 słów i cztery elementy do rozwinięcia. Wiele poniższych konstrukcji wykorzystasz we wszystkich tych formach.
Jak rozpocząć e-mail?
Do kolegi lub koleżanki napisz krótko:
- Hi Tom, / Hi Kate, / Hello Alex,
- Thanks for your email.
- Great to hear from you!
- I've got some exciting news.
- Guess what happened!
- I'm writing to tell you about...
Wystarczy jeden naturalny początek. Nie zużywaj limitu na długie powitanie.
Dobra wiadomość: I've got some great news! I finally found a summer job in a small café near my house.
Zła wiadomość: I'm afraid I've got some bad news. I lost my ID card two days ago, so I can't come to London this weekend.
Opis wydarzeń i kolejność
Do relacjonowania przeszłości przydadzą się:
- Last weekend... / A few days ago... / Yesterday...
- When I arrived... / While I was...
- At first... / Then... / After that...
- Suddenly... / Luckily... / Unfortunately...
- In the end... / Finally...
Przykład: Last Saturday, I took part in a charity event at my school. At first, everything went well, but after an hour we ran out of drinks.
Dwa-trzy wyrażenia porządkujące zwykle wystarczą.
Powód i rozwinięcie informacji
Jak podać powód?
- because... / because of...
- The main reason is that...
- One reason is that...
- That's why...
- I decided to... because...
I decided to take part because I wanted to help a local animal shelter.
Jak dodać przykład lub konkret?
- For example... / For instance...
- especially... / such as...
- In particular...
- What is more... / Also...
- Another thing is that...
I had several responsibilities. For example, I served customers, prepared drinks and cleaned the tables.
Jak opisać obowiązki?
- I was responsible for...
- My job was to... / I had to...
- I helped with... / I was in charge of...
- I spent most of my time...
I was responsible for welcoming guests and selling tickets. I also helped with preparing food.
Problem i rozwiązanie
Jak opisać problem?
- Unfortunately...
- The problem was that...
- We had a problem because...
- Something went wrong.
- To make matters worse...
- We suddenly realised that...
- It turned out that...
Unfortunately, we suddenly realised that we didn't have enough chairs for all the guests.
Jak opisać rozwiązanie?
- so... / That's why...
- We decided to... / We managed to...
- Luckily... / In the end...
- To solve the problem...
- The problem was solved when...
We didn't have enough chairs, so our teacher borrowed some from another classroom.
Emocje i opinia
Jak opisać emocje?
Pozytywne:
- I was delighted / really excited / relieved.
- I felt proud of myself.
- I was pleased with...
Negatywne:
- I was disappointed / worried / frustrated.
- I felt really upset / embarrassed.
- I was really sorry about...
Rozwiń emocję powodem: I felt relieved because we managed to solve the problem before the event started.
Jak wyrazić i uzasadnić opinię?
- I think... / In my opinion...
- Personally, I think... / I believe...
- From my point of view...
- The main reason is that...
- One advantage is that...
- The problem is that... / This means that...
In my opinion, the event was a great idea because it brought the whole school community together.
Zalety, wady i kontrast
- One advantage is that... / One benefit is...
- One disadvantage is that... / The downside is that...
- but... / however... / although... / even though...
- on the other hand...
The job isn't very well paid, but I'm gaining valuable experience.
Plany, propozycje i prośby
Plany i nadzieje
- I'm going to... / I'm planning to...
- I'd like to... / We are planning to...
- I might... / I will probably...
- I hope... / I hope you'll be able to...
We're planning to organise another charity fair next spring.
Zaproszenie i propozycja
- Would you like to...? / Why don't you...?
- Maybe you could... / How about...?
- It would be great if you could...
- We could... / I suggest...
- It might be a good idea to...
Pamiętaj: How about meeting...?, nie How about meet...?
Pytanie o opinię i prośba
- What do you think? / Let me know what you think.
- How do you feel about...?
- Could you help me with...?
- Would you be able to...?
- I'd be grateful if you could...
Prośba o radę i przeprosiny
- What do you think I should do? / What would you do?
- Could you give me some advice?
- I'm really sorry about... / Sorry for...
- I hope you don't mind.
Jak zakończyć e-mail?
W nieformalnej wiadomości wystarczy:
- Write back soon!
- Let me know what you think.
- Hope to hear from you soon.
- Let me know if you can come.
- Take care, / Best, / See you soon,
Nie używaj kilku zakończeń jednocześnie.
20 uniwersalnych zwrotów
- I'm writing to tell you about...
- I've got some great news!
- Unfortunately...
- At first...
- After that...
- Luckily...
- In the end...
- I decided to... because...
- The main reason is that...
- For example...
- I was responsible for...
- The problem was that...
- To solve the problem...
- I was really... because...
- In my opinion...
- One advantage is that...
- However...
- I'm planning to...
- I hope you'll be able to...
- Let me know what you think.
Nie wciskaj wszystkich do jednego tekstu. Wybierz konstrukcje potrzebne do wykonania polecenia.
Pełny przykład
Polecenie: zacząłeś pracę wakacyjną w kawiarni. Wyjaśnij powód, opisz obowiązki, problem i rozwiązanie oraz to, co najbardziej Ci się podoba; zaproponuj koledze podobne zajęcie.
Hi Alex,
I've got some news! I started a summer job in a small café last week. I decided to work there because I want to save some money for a holiday and gain useful experience.
I'm responsible for taking customers' orders, serving drinks and clearing the tables. The job can be quite tiring when the café is busy.
Unfortunately, on my first day I gave one customer the wrong order. I apologised and immediately brought the correct meal, so luckily the customer wasn't angry.
What I like most is meeting different people every day. Maybe you could look for a similar summer job? I think you'd enjoy it.
Write back soon! XYZ
Każdy zwrot pełni funkcję: podaje powód, opisuje obowiązki, porządkuje problem, pokazuje rozwiązanie albo realizuje propozycję.
Podsumowanie
Ucz się funkcji, nie gotowych akapitów: jak poinformować, uzasadnić, rozwinąć, opisać problem, wyrazić emocję, zaprosić i zakończyć. Dzięki temu te same konstrukcje wykorzystasz w dziesiątkach tematów.
Przeczytaj także: jak napisać e-mail, jak rozwinąć cztery podpunkty i najczęstsze błędy w e-mailu.