Materiał w PDF: Pobierz artykuły 103-105 z ćwiczeniami i odpowiedziami.
Ściąga: give me the key = give the key to me, ale buy me a ticket = buy a ticket for me. Gdy rzeczą jest zaimek: give it to me (nie give me it). explain / describe / suggest zawsze z to.
Najważniejsza idea
W zdaniu z dwoma dopełnieniami mamy zwykle OSOBĘ (odbiorcę) i RZECZ. Szyk zależy od czasownika i od tego, czy używamy to czy for.
Tom gave me a book. - me = dopełnienie pośrednie, a book = dopełnienie bezpośrednie.
CKE wymienia ten temat na obu poziomach; oficjalny przykład: My boyfriend brought me wonderful flowers.
Verb + person + thing
SUBJECT + VERB + PERSON + THING
- She gave me the key.
- Tom sent Anna an email.
- The teacher showed us the answer.
- My friend lent me some money.
- They offered Kate a job.
Gdy osoba stoi bezpośrednio po czasowniku, nie dodajemy to ani for.
Wzór z TO
VERB + THING + TO + PERSON
| Czasownik | Person + thing | Thing + TO + person |
|---|---|---|
| give | give me the key | give the key to me |
| send | send Anna an email | send an email to Anna |
| show | show us the photo | show the photo to us |
| lend | lend Tom some money | lend some money to Tom |
| offer | offer her a job | offer a job to her |
| pass | pass me the salt | pass the salt to me |
Wzór z FOR
VERB + THING + FOR + PERSON
| Czasownik | Person + thing | Thing + FOR + person |
|---|---|---|
| buy | buy me a ticket | buy a ticket for me |
| make | make us dinner | make dinner for us |
| cook | cook them a meal | cook a meal for them |
| get | get Tom a coffee | get a coffee for Tom |
| order | order me a taxi | order a taxi for me |
| find | find her a seat | find a seat for her |
TO czy FOR?
| Znaczenie | Przyimek | Przykład |
|---|---|---|
| przekazujemy, komunikujemy coś komuś | TO | send the file to Anna |
| robimy, kupujemy, zdobywamy coś dla kogoś | FOR | buy a ticket for Anna |
Zaimki - pułapka
- Give it to me.
- Send them to Anna.
- Buy it for me.
Gdy RZECZ jest zaimkiem (it/them), standardowy szyk to VERB + IT/THEM + TO/FOR + PERSON. Nie: give me it. Przy rzeczowniku naturalne są oba warianty.
Say vs tell
Tell me the truth. · Say something to me.
TELL + PERSON + THING, ale SAY + THING + TO + PERSON.
Czasowniki bez podwójnego dopełnienia
| NIE | TAK |
|---|---|
| explain me the problem | explain the problem to me |
| describe me the situation | describe the situation to me |
| introduce me your colleague | introduce your colleague to me |
| mention me the problem | mention the problem to me |
| suggest me an idea | suggest an idea to me / suggest that... |
Write, read, teach
- Write me an email. / Write an email to me.
- Read the children a story. / Read a story to the children.
- She teaches us English. / She teaches English to adults.
Pytania
- Who did you give the key to?
- What did Tom send you?
- Who bought you this book?
Przy odbiorcy przyimkowym przyimek zostaje naturalnie na końcu: Who did you send it to?
Passive
They gave me a prize. -> I was given a prize. / A prize was given to me.
Podobnie: Kate was offered a job. / A job was offered to Kate.
Naturalność wariantów
Gramatyczna możliwość nie oznacza takiej samej naturalności: offer a job to her jest możliwe, ale offer her a job brzmi naturalniej. W zadaniu maturalnym wybieraj konstrukcję zgodną ze słowem-kluczem.
Najczęstsze błędy
| NIE | TAK |
|---|---|
| Give me it. | Give it to me. |
| Explain me the problem. | Explain the problem to me. |
| She said me the truth. | She told me the truth. |
| Buy a ticket to me. | Buy a ticket for me. |
| Send an email for Anna. | Send an email to Anna. |
Ćwiczenia
Zadanie 1 - TO czy FOR?
- Send the document ___ the manager.
- Can you buy a coffee ___ me?
- She made dinner ___ the children.
- Please give this key ___ Anna.
- I ordered a taxi ___ my parents.
- He lent some money ___ Tom.
Odpowiedzi: to · for · for · to · for · to
Zadanie 2 - zmień szyk
- She gave me the address.
- Tom bought Anna a present.
- The teacher showed us the answer.
- I made my friends dinner.
- He sent me the file.
Odpowiedzi: She gave the address to me. · Tom bought a present for Anna. · The teacher showed the answer to us. · I made dinner for my friends. · He sent the file to me.
Zadanie 3 - popraw błędy
- Could you explain me this rule?
- Give me it, please.
- She said me something important.
- I bought a new laptop to my brother.
- He suggested me a better solution.
Odpowiedzi: Could you explain this rule to me? · Give it to me, please. · She told me something important. · I bought a new laptop for my brother. · He suggested a better solution to me.
Zadanie 4 - tłumaczenie
- Daj mi tę książkę.
- Wyślij mi zdjęcia.
- Kup mi bilet.
- Wyjaśnij mi ten problem.
- Nauczyciel pokazał nam odpowiedź.
- Zaoferowali Kate pracę.
Odpowiedzi: Give me the book. · Send me the photos. · Buy me a ticket. · Explain the problem to me. · The teacher showed us the answer. · They offered Kate a job.
Zadanie 5 - transformacje
- She gave the key to me. GAVE
- Tom bought a present for me. BOUGHT
- They offered Kate a job. OFFERED (passive)
- Someone sent me these documents. SENT (passive)
- Please explain this rule to Anna. EXPLAIN
Odpowiedzi: She gave me the key. · Tom bought me a present. · Kate was offered a job. · These documents were sent to me. · Please explain this rule to Anna.
Mini-test - podstawa
- Complete: Give the message ___ Tom.
- Rewrite: Buy a sandwich for me. -> Buy ___.
- Correct: Explain me the answer.
- Translate: Ona wysłała mi e-mail.
- Choose: Give me it / Give it to me.
Odpowiedzi: to · me a sandwich · Explain the answer to me. · She sent me an email. · Give it to me.
Mini-test - rozszerzenie
- Passive: They gave me a second chance.
- Passive z rzeczą jako podmiotem: They offered Anna a job.
- Correct: He described me the situation.
- Rewrite using FOR: My mum made us breakfast.
- Dlaczego "give me it" nie jest formą egzaminacyjną?
Odpowiedzi: I was given a second chance. · A job was offered to Anna. · He described the situation to me. · My mum made breakfast for us. · Przy zaimku jako rzeczy standardowy szyk to give it to me.